Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ KRY_1 ‘to rent, lease, let, let out, etc.’ ↗kirāʔ
▪ KRY_2 ‘to sleep, be asleep, slumber’ ↗¹kariya
▪ KRY_3 ‘to dig’ ↗karā\à (KRW/Y)
▪ KRY_4 ‘curry’ ↗karrī

Other values, now obsolete, include (WKAS I 1970, Hava1899, BK1860)

▪ ^†KRY_5 ‘to have thin and parted legs | avoir les jambes minces et écartées’: ^†²kariya (a, karàⁿ); ? ^†karāⁿ ‘thinness of the shank’, cf. ↗KRʕ (WKAS)
▪ ^†KRY_6 ‘to run swiftly | se mettre à courir à toutes jambes, courir en ramassant, pour ainsi dire, rapidement ses pieds’: ^†karà (i, kary)
▪ ^†KRY_7 ‘to decrease, dwindle’: ^†³kariya (a, karàⁿ); also vb. III, ^†kārà (WKAS), and vb. IV, ^†ʔakrà (Hava) ‘to decrease, diminish, lessen | diminuer, être en déchet’
▪ ^†KRY_8 ‘to increase | augmenter, s’accroître ; to prolong (a discourse) | allonger, prolonger (p.ex. son entretien) ; différer, remettre à plus tard’ : ^†ʔakrà (IV) contr. of preceding; (WKAS:) ^†kārà (III) ‘to delay, postpone’
▪ ^†KRY_9 ‘to keep sacred vigils | passer des nuits dans l’insomnie et en actes de devotion’ : ^†ʔakrà (IV)
▪ ^†KRY_ ‘…’ ↗kry

▪ [v1] (≙ DRS #KRY-1): The value ‘to rent, lease, let, let out, etc.’ is well attested in Sem (Ar, modSAr, Te Amh; Hbr with the slightly differing meaning ‘to buy, trade, run a business’). While the EthSem forms may be from Ar, the modSAr ones look rather genuine. In MSA, the corresponding vb. I has become obsolete, but the n. kirāʔ and vb.s III kārà and IV ʔakrà are still in use with the same meaning. – Any relation to ^†[v8] in the sense of ‘to prolong, postpone’ (a contract?)?
▪ [v2] : According to DRS (#KRY-3), Ar ¹kariya ‘to sleep, be asleep, slumber’ is without obvious cognates in Sem. – Any relation to ^†[v9] ^†ʔakrà which, in BK1860, means ‘passer des nuits dans l’insomnie…’; should ‘passing the night in sleeplessness’ have developed into ‘slumber’?
▪ [v3] Accord. to Kogan2015, Ar KRY ‘to dig’ is from WSem *KRY ‘to dig’ (see s.r. ↗KRW/Y). – Klein1987 thinks that »the orig. meaning of this base was ‘to make round’«, associating Hbr kārāʰ ‘to dig’ with Ar kuraẗ ‘globe, sphere, ball’, Aram kᵊrēʸ, Syr karyā ‘heap’, and Syr kᵊrā ‘be short’ (Klein: lit., ‘be rounded off’). These juxtapositions look a bit far-fetched; but if valid, [v3] will have to be seen as forming a unit with KRW (↗kuraẗ), KRː (KRR) (↗kur(r)āriyyaẗ), and KRKR (↗^†KRKR_4).
▪ [v4] : karrī ‘curry’ is from Engl curry, ultimately from SInd lang.s. (mKan, mTam, Malayalam).
▪ ^†[v5] (≙ DRS #KRW-4, ? DRS #KRY-4): It is not totally clear, though rather likely, that ^†²kariya ‘to have thin and parted legs’ is akin to, perh. even identical with, ^†karāⁿ ‘thinness of the shank’, which latter Ullmann (WKAS I 1970) suggests to compare to ↗KRʕ ‘id.’.
▪ ^†[v6] : In rendering Ar ^†karà ‘se mettre à courir à toutes jambes’ with an explanatory ‘courir en ramassant, pour ainsi dire, rapidement ses pieds’, BK1860 seems to suggest that the value ‘to run swiftly’ should be seen in relation with the basic notion of *‘piling up, heaping up, collecting, assembling’ as reflected, for instance, in kuraẗ ‘sphere, ball’ and ^†karā ‘to round s.th.’ (↗KRW), or ^†⁴karkara ‘to collect, blow into a ball (wind the clouds)’ (↗^†KRKR_4), as well as in EgAr ↗ku(r)rāriyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel; ball (of string, wool etc.)’.
▪ ^†[v7] : DRS does not register ^†³kariya (also III and IV) ‘to decrease, deminish, dwindle, lessen’ among their #KRY values, nor among other phonetically close ones. Should one compare DRS #KRW-1 ‘être court, devenir court’ (Akk, Syr)?
▪ ^†[v8] : The value ‘to increase; to prolong (a discourse)’ (^†ʔakrà) seems to contradict the preceding one. Within Ar, it is prob. akin to, perh. even identical with, ^†kārà ‘to delay, postpone’. – Is it also related to [v1] ‘to rent, lease, let, let out’ (? < *‘to prolong the right to use s.th., postpone the date of calling s.th. back’)?
▪ ^†[v9] ^†ʔakrà ‘to keep sacred vigils | passer des nuits dans l’insomnie et en actes de devotion’ : poss. extended use of ^†[v8] ‘to increase, prolong’. – Any relation to [v2] ‘to sleep, be asleep, slumber’?
▪ …

–

▪ DRS #KRY-1 Hbr *kārāʰ ‘acheter, marchander, traiter une affaire, négocier’, Ar kārā ‘louer, donner à loyer’, Mhr škēri, Ḥrs škēr, Śḥr škereʔ ‘louer, employer’, Te təkārạ̄, Amh (tä)kärrayä ‘louer’. -2 Akk karū, nHbr kᵊri, JudPalAram Syr karyā ‘tas de céréales, de froment ; mesure de capacité’.¹ -3 Ar kariya ‘sommeiller’. -4 karā ‘marcher à allure forcée’. -5 Amh käre ‘os iliaque’. -6 kurye ‘mare, eau stagnante’.
▪ DRS #KRW-1 Akk karū, Syr kᵊrā, kᵊrī ‘être court, devenir court’. -2 kurwah ‘champ ensemencé’. -3 Ar karā ‘jouer à la balle’. -4 karāⁿ ‘minceur des jambes’. [?]-5 karawān : nom d’un oiseau (courlis ? pluvier ?).
▪ …

1. DRS #KRY-2: Aram < Akk < Sum.

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

kariy- كَرِيَ , a (karàⁿ)

√KRY

vb., I

to sleep, be asleep, slumber – WehrCowan1976

▪ Within the spectrum of semantic values attached to the root ↗KRY, the value ‘to sleep, be asleep, slumber’ seems to be rather isolated, as it can hardly be connected to ‘renting, leasing, letting’ (↗kirāʔ) or ‘digging’ (↗karā\à), nor to now obsolete notions like ‘to have thin and parted legs’ (↗^†KRY_5), ‘to run swiftly’ (↗^†KRY_6), and others. A certain overlapping may, perhaps, be observed in the case of ^†ʔakrà ‘to keep sacred vigils | passer des nuits dans l’insomnie et en actes de devotion’ (↗^†KRY_9), though this latter may rather be based on ‘to prolong, delay, postpone’ (↗^†KRY_8) rather than on ‘sleep, slumber’.
▪ According to DRS (#KRY-3), Ar ¹kariya ‘to sleep, be asleep, slumber’ is without obvious cognates in Sem.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ DRS #KRY-1-2 .... -3 Ar kariya ‘sommeiller’. -4-5 ....
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►takarrà, vb. V, to sleep, be asleep, slumber: tD-stem, self-ref.
►karàⁿ, n., sleep, slumber: vn. I.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗kirāʔ, ↗karā\à (√KRW/Y), and ↗karrī, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRY. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, and ↗KRW/Y.

kirāʔ كِراء

√KRY

1a rent, hire, hiring; b lease; c rental, hire; 2 wages, pay – WehrCowan1976

▪ kirāʔ is the vn. of a (now obsol.) vb. I, *karà, with prob. the same sense as the L- and *Š-stems (kārà and ʔakrà) that are still in use. Accord. to DRS #KRY-1, this value is well attested in Sem (Ar, modSAr, Te Amh; Hbr with the slightly differing meaning ‘to buy, trade, run a business’). While the EthSem forms may be from Ar, the modSAr ones look rather genuine. It seems quite safe therefore to assume a deeper (WSem?) dimension and a relatively old age of this value.
▪ Yet, within the semantic spectrum attached to ↗KRY, the value ‘to rent, lease, let, let out, etc.’ can hardly be connected to any of the other values – certainly not to ‘sleep, slumber’ (↗¹kariya), nor to ‘thinness of the shank; to have thin and parted legs’ (↗^†KRY_5) or to ‘decrease, dwindle, diminish, lessen’ (↗^†KRY_7). It looks conceivable, though, to assume a relation betw. ‘to rent, etc.’ and ‘to prolong, postpone’ (↗^†KRY_8) if we, for instance, think of leasing, letting out, etc., as a kind of prolongation of the right to use s.th.
▪ If the latter should indeed be related, then one may speculate even a bit farther and think that ‘to prolong, postpone’ possibly has s.th. to do with the idea of *‘collecting, assembling, piling up, heaping up’, reflexes of which are found in ↗kuraẗ ‘globe, sphere, ball’, ↗kur(r)āriyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel | ball (of string, wool etc.)’, and others. Klein1987 even thinks that »the orig. meaning of the base KRY was *‘to make round’«. If this should be valid, we would get a hypothetical development along the line *‘to make round > to collect, pile\heap up > to delay, postpone > to rent, hire, lease’. But this sounds highly speculative (and perh. also little likely…).
▪ …

–

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

►kārà, vb. III, and ʔakrà, vb. IV, to rent, lease, let, let out, farm out, hire out (s.th. to s.o.): L- and *Š-stem, assoc. and caus., respectively
►ĭktarà, vb. VIII, and ĭstakrà, vb. X, 1a to rent, hire (s.th.); b to lease, take on ease (s.th.), take a lease (of s.th.); 2 to hire, employ, engage (s.o.), engage the labor or services (‑h of s.o.): Gt- and *Št-stem, respectively, both self-ref.
►ʔikrāʔ, n., 1a renting, rent; b leasing, letting on lease, farming out: vn. IV
►ĭktirāʔ, n., 1a renting, rent; b leasing, taking on lease; 2 hiring: vn. VIII
►mukāriⁿ, pl. -ūn, n., 1 hirer (esp. one of horses, donkeys, mules, etc.); 2 donkey driver, muleteer: PA III
►mukriⁿ, n., 1 hirer, lessor; 2 landlord: PA IV
►mukràⁿ, adj., rented, let, hired out, let on lease: PP IV
►muktariⁿ, pl. -ūn, n., and mustakriⁿ, pl. -ūn, n., renter, tenant, lessee: PA VIII | muktariⁿ ṯāniⁿ, subtenant, sublessee

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗kariya, ↗karā\à (√KRW/Y), and ↗karrī, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRY. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, and ↗KRW/Y.

karrī كَرّي

√KRY

curry – WehrCowan1976

▪ Rolland2014, EtymOnline: from Engl curry ‘a kind of Indian dish or the sauce used upon it’ (1590s, as carriel), »prob. adopted into Engl via Port caril and its pl. caris, and ultimately derived from mingling of various SInd (Drav) words including mKan, mTam and Malayalam kari, often indicating s.th. ‘black in colour’ or ‘burnt’, and thus applied broadly to spices and meats. In modern Indian cookery, curry refers to spice blends with turmeric as their key ingredient; spice blends without turmeric are called masala.
▪ …

▪ …
▪ …

▪ no cognates (loanword).
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

▪ About the underlying Engl curry, EtymOnline says: »Of Eur dishes spiced after the Ind style, 1747 in BritEngl. As the spice blend used in making the sauce, 1780. Extended to exotic, spicy sauces from outside of India (Thai curry, Indonesian curry, etc.) by 1680s. The vb. meaning ‘flavour with curry’ is by 1839. The Murraya koenigii or Bergera koenigii is called curry tree, in Engl by 1822, prob. through one of the Sind languages. The kari name of the plant comes from the perceived blackness of the leaves […].«
▪ …

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗kariya, ↗kirāʔ, and ↗karā\à (√KRW/Y), as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRY. – Cf. also ↗KRː (KRR), ↗KRW, and ↗KRW/Y.

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=ctext&uid=da3533ed-06ff-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display