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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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AlgAr naǧām نجام 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NǦM 
n. 
resources – Dozy1881. 
▪ The meaning of AlgAr naǧām and the corresponding vb. II, naǧǧam ‘to have the power, be able to do s.th.’, seems to be the latest stage in a semantic development that goes back, ultimately, to the notion of ‘appearing, coming in sight’ (↗naǧama): > ‘to appear in the sky’ = ‘to rise (stars)’ > ‘star’ (↗¹naǧm, ↗naǧmaẗ) > ‘to observe the stars’ (↗¹naǧǧama) > †‘to fix s.th. according to the course of stars, hence, at appointed terms’ (↗²naǧm) > ‘to accomplish s.th. at appointed terms, step by step, gradually’ (↗²naǧǧama) > ‘to accomplish (in general)’ (↗²naǧǧama) > ‘to be able, have the ability to accomplish s.th. (AlgAr naǧǧam), to have the resources to do so’ > ‘resources’. Alternatively, the semantics may be based directly on ↗naǧama, vb. I, ‘to appear’: > vb. II = causative formation, lit. *‘to make appear’ = ‘to create, accomplish’ etc.
 
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See section CONC, above.
 
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► naǧǧam, vb. II, (AlgAr) to have the power, be able to do s.th.

For other items of the root, see ↗naǧama, ↗¹naǧǧama, ↗²naǧǧama, ↗¹naǧm, ↗²naǧm, ↗³naǧm, ↗naǧmaẗ, ↗¹manǧam, ↗²manǧam, ↗manǧim, ↗†minǧam and, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√NǦM.
 
NǦW نجو 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NǦW 
“root” 
▪ NǦW_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NǦW_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NǦW_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘elevation, highland, a place too high for flooding to reach; to escape, deliver, rescue; speed, to run quickly; to remove dirt from o.s., cleanse o.s.; to cut, flay; to confide, confer in secrecy, consult with one another’ 
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NḤB نحب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NḤB 
“root” 
▪ NḤB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NḤB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NḤB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘vow, to fulfil a vow, (allotted) lifespan, to come to the end of one’s life, death; to weep; danger, to take chances; walking briskly, to work hard; to debate’ 
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NḤT نحت 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 17May2023
√NḤT 
“root” 
▪ NḤT_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NḤT_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ NḤT_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to hew, carve, quarry, chisel, hollow, splinters; disposition, character’ 
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NḤR نحر 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√NḤR 
“root” 
▪ NḤR_1 ‘upper part of chest, throat; to slaughter; to hit, kill’ ↗naḥr
▪ NḤR_2 ‘to master one’s affairs’ ↗naḥr
▪ NḤR_3 †‘first part, beginning; to perform the prayer in the first part of its time’: see DISC below.
▪ NḤR_4 †‘to become opposite, to face, confront’: see DISC below.
▪ NḤR_5 †‘to pour down heavily’: see DISC below.

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘chest, the upper part of the chest, the throat, to slaughter; to strive; to pour down heavily’ 
The many meanings that the root can take in ClassAr may all go back to naḥr ‘upper part of chest, throat’. The root seems to be Sem, but is scarcely attested. 
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See ↗naḥr. 
▪ Badawi2008 gives thrree values of √NḤR in ClassAr: ‘1. chest, the upper part of the chest, the throat, to slaughter; 2. to strive; 3. to pour down heavily’.
▪ The lexicographers derive all other values from ‘to stab, stuck (a camel)’: NḤR_2 ‘to master one’s affairs’ is explained as *‘to be so experienced as s.o. who when slaughtering a camel, hits it exactly where it ought to be hit’; †NḤR_3 ‘first part, beginning; to perform the prayer in the first part of its time’ is another transfer of meaning, either of ‘upper part (of body)’ > ‘beginning (of s.th.)’, or (in the case of the early prayer) of the notion of ‘exactness’, to the field of religious duties; †NḤR_4 ‘to become opposite, to face, confront’ is *‘to become abreast of’. The value †NḤR_5 ‘to pour down heavily’ (only in vb. VI, tanāḥara, said of a cloud that bursts out with water) is not explained but could be interpreted as figurative use as well: rain pours from the cloud like the blood from an animal whose throat has just been cut. 
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