Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ HǦR_1 ‘to emigrate, relinquish, leave’ ↗haǧara
▪ HǦR_2 ‘hottest time of the day’ ↗hāǧiraẗ
▪ HǦR_3 ‘obscene language; to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat’ ↗huǧr

Other meanings, now obsolete (acc. to Hava1899):

HǦR_4 ‘custom, habit’: ^†hiǧǧīr, ^†hiǧǧīrà, ^†hiǧǧīraẗ ; meaning also ‘speech, language’.
HǦR_5 ‘excellent, distinguished’: ^†hāǧir, ^†hāǧirī, ^†muhǧir, the latter meaning also ‘lofty (palm-tree)’, ^†ʔahǧarᵘ ‘better, nobler; longer, thicker’.
HǦR_6 ‘bow-string; rope for tying a camel’s foot, tether’: ^†hiǧār .

▪ HǦR_7 ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’ ↗huǧraẗ (var. hiǧraẗ).

HǦR_8 ‘to empty, clean a ditch’: MġrAr hǧar (DRS).
HǦR_9 ‘sufficiency’: ^†haǧrāʔᵘ, cf. expr. mā ʕinda-hū ġanāʔu ḏālika wa-lā haǧrāʔu-hū ‘he is not adequate to the work’.
HǦR_10 ‘large watering-trough; large cup’: ^†haǧīr, pl. huǧur .
HǦR_11 ‘durra of minor quality’: SudAr haǧǧarat (DRS).

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to give up, part company with, abandon; to emigrate, migrate; 2 summer midday heat; 3 bad or obscene language; to slander, insult; 4 custom, habit’

▪ From among the 12 values attached to the root in Sem (as given in DRS), only 9 are represented in Ar. Hava1899 mentions two others (in ClassAr use and in dialects). Of all these, only 3 are still to be found in MSA.
▪ The etymological situation within the root is rather complex and obscure. Whereas some of the values seem to be semantically close, others are difficult to relate to any of the others.

–

▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-1 Ar haǧara ‘rompre avec, s’éloigner de, abandonner; bouder qn, cesser de lui parler’, hiǧraẗ ‘rupture, séparation; départ, émigration’, Marāz mahǧar ‘endroit isolé, lieu dont il n’y a aucun avantage à tirer’, HispAr hažar ‘détester’, Mhr hōgər, Jib hogór ‘émigrer’. – Outside Sem: ? [Berb] Warg aggur ‘marcher’, Naf agər, agur ‘s’en aller’, Tmzġ gurr ‘aller, partir, marcher’? -2 Ar haǧr, haǧīraẗ ‘milieu du jour, le plus fort de la chaleur’, HispAr hāžira ‘heure de la sieste’, Mhr hēgər ‘faire chaud à midi’, Jib hógər ‘midi’. -3 Ar hāǧiraẗ ‘langage indécent’, haǧara ‘délirer, radoter’, DaṯAr haǧar ‘parler haut’. -4 Ar haǧara ‘être pur, sans mélange’, huǧr ‘excellent, noble et distingué (homme)’, haǧǧīr ‘coutume, manière’. -5 Syr hᵉgar, ʔahgar ‘devenir musulman’, mahgᵉrā, mahgᵉrāyā ‘musulman’. -6 Ar hiǧār ‘corde de l’arc, corde avec laquelle on rattache le pied du chameau à la sangle, chaîne portée au cou’, DaṯAr haǧǧar ‘lier les pieds de devant d’un chameau’, SudAr haǧar ‘entraver et forcer à s’asseoir (chameau)’, mahǧar ‘vol (en particulier de vaches ou de chameaux)’, Marāz hᵃžaṛ ‘mettre l’entrave (à un chameau, cheval, âne en rut)’, MġrAr hǧar ‘faire violemment, avec excès’. -7 YemAr haǧar : ruines d’une ville antique, hiǧreh ‘enclave protégée’, SAr hgr ‘ville’, Gz hagar ‘ville, village, province, pays’, hagarit ‘ville, citadins’, Te Tña hagär, ‘région habitée, cité, village’, Amh Choa, Gur agär ‘terre, pays’; ? MġrAr mahǧar ‘chemin, rue très fréquentée, animée’. – Outside Sem: Cohen1969:77 proposant de voir dans HǦR avec cette valeur, une variante méridionale de ʔKL, rapproche d’Eg ʔkr ‘dieu de la terre’, [Berb] Tmšq, Sūs akāl ‘terre, terrain, pays’, [Cush] Af erkē, SaAf rikē, Or irge ‘endroit, place’; sans doute Som hag, hal ‘id.’. -8 MġrAr hǧar ‘vider, nettoyer une fosse’. -9 Te hagrä ‘creuser un trou’, hagärä ‘manquer, attendre’. -10 Gz həgʷre, higore, hegore ‘vermillon, couleur rouge’, Te haggärä ‘teindre en rouge’. -11 SudAr haǧǧarat ‘sorte de durra de qualité inférieure’. -12 Mhr həgūr ‘acheter de la nourriture pour sa famille’.

▪ HǦR_1 (= DRS HǦR#1): regarded by Huehnergard2011 as an exclusively Arabic root. The notion of ‘departing, leaving behind’ may be at the basis of HǦR_7 YemAr haǧar ‘ruins of an old city/village’ (perhaps: *deserted place). But one could also imagine the reverse to be the case. Kerr, e.g., holds (Kerr2014:79,n.119) that, outside Ar, the root HǦR is attested only in SSem in the meaning of ‘city-dweller’ (HǦR_7; cf. also Ar huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’) and in Hbr and Aram as the name of Abraham’s concubine, Hagar (not accounted for in DRS). HǦR_1 could thus be dependent on HǦR_7. Some dictionaries indeed interpret the notion of ‘departing’ as that of a ‘removal from the desert to the towns or villages’, in this way linking ‘departure’ up to ‘town, village’. – What is deserted and neglected, also becomes ugly and disgusting; so HǦR_1 may also be the source of HǦR_3 ‘to talk nonsense, obscene language’.
▪ HǦR_2 (= DRS HǦR#2) ‘hottest time of the day’ ↗hāǧiraẗ : ‘because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses, as though they forsook one another (tahāǧarū)’ (Lane, quoting Qāmūs)
▪ HǦR_3 (= DRS HǦR#3) ‘obscene language; to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat’: ↗huǧr . Just a metathetical variant of ↗ǦHR?
▪ HǦR_4 (= DRS HǦR#4) ‘custom, habit’: ^†hiǧǧīr, ^†hiǧǧīrà, ^†hiǧǧīraẗ; meaning also ‘speech, language’: Seen as one with HǦR_5 by DRS.
▪ HǦR_5 (= DRS HǦR#4) ‘excellent, distinguished’: ^†hāǧir, ^†hāǧirī, ^†muhǧir, the latter meaning also ‘lofty (palm-tree)’, ^†ʔahǧarᵘ ‘better, nobler; longer, thicker’. Seen as one with HǦR_4 by DRS.
▪ HǦR_6 (= DRS HǦR#6) ‘bow-string; rope for tying a camel’s foot, tether’: ^†hiǧār.
▪ HǦR_7 (= DRS HǦR#7) huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’. ‘ruins of an old city’. – Cf. YemAr haǧar ? The latter or a relative of it may be at the origin of HǦR_1 ‘to depart’ in the sense of *‘to leave desert life and settle in an area of agriculture’. – DRS : Mot voyageur? Cf. also Sum agar ‘territoire irrigué’, Latin ager ‘champ’. – In contrast, Dolgopolsky2012#2571 does not connect the Sum and Lat (< IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’) words with Ar HǦR but with Ar ↗ḥākūraẗ ‘piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor for sowing and planting trees, (WehrCowan1979:) small vegetable garden’ (< Syr ḥkwrʔ /*ḥakūrā ?/ ‘field’ < CSem *ḤKR ‘field in cultivation’).
▪ HǦR_8 (= DRS HǦR#8) ‘to empty, clean a ditch’: MġrAr hǧar (DRS).
▪ HǦR_9 (DRS : Ø) ‘sufficiency’: ^†haǧrāʔᵘ, cf. the expr. mā ʕinda-hū ġanāʔu ḏālika wa-lā haǧrāʔu-hū ‘he is not adequate to the work’.
▪ HǦR_10 (DRS : Ø) ‘large watering-trough; large cup’: ^†haǧīr, pl. huǧur.
▪ HǦR_11 (DRS : Ø) ‘durra of minor quality’: SudAr haǧǧarat (DRS).

▪ ↗hiǧraẗ ‘Hegira’

–

haǧar‑ هَجَرَ , u (haǧr , hiǧrān)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√HǦR

vb., I

1 to emigrate; 2 to dissociate o.s., separate, part, secede, keep away (DO from), part company (with); 3 to give up, renounce, forgo, avoid (s.th.); 4 to abandon, surrender, leave behind (s.th. ʔilà to s.o.), relinquish, leave, give up, vacate (s.th., ʔilà in favour of s.o.) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ While Huehnergard2011 considers haǧara ‘to depart’ as an Ar specificity, a relation to other values of Sem HǦR should perhaps not be discarded (see DISC below): ‘departing, leaving behind’ could be akin to SSem items meaning ‘city-dweller’. Some dictionaries indeed interpret the notion of ‘departing’ as that of a ‘removal from the desert to the towns or villages’ (or away from them), in this way linking ‘departure’ up to ‘town, village’.
▪ Any relation to the other two values of HǦR that have survived into MSA, ‘to talk nonsense, obscene language’ (↗huǧr) and ‘hottest time of the day’ (↗hāǧiraẗ) does not seem very likely.

▪ eC7 haǧara (to desert, shun, part company with, forsake) Q 74:5 wa’l-ruǧza fa-’hǧur ‘and shun all abominations’, (to leave alone, avoid, abstain from, ignore) Q 4:34 wa-’hǧurū-hunna fī ’l-maḍāǧiʕi ‘and ignore them in bed’. – haǧr (vn. I, act of parting company with s.o., forsaking, boycotting, ignoring) Q 73:10 wa-’ṣbir ʕalà mā yaqūlūna wa-’hǧur-hum haǧran ǧamīlan ‘and endure patiently what they say, and forsake them with a gracious forsaking’. – hāǧara (vb. III, to emigrate, migrate) Q 4:100 wa-man yuhāǧiru fī sabīli ’llāhi ‘and he who emigrates in the cause of God’. – muhāǧir (PA III, migrant, emigrant, s.o. who migrates from their home/country) Q 4:100 wa-man yaḫruǧu min bayti-hī muhāǧiran ʔilà ’ḷḷāhi wa-rasūli-hī ‘and whosoever leaves home migrating to God and His Messenger’. – mahǧūr (PP I, forsaken, abandoned, deserted, shunned, neglected; abused, slandered, insulted) Q 25:30 wa-qāla ’l-rasūlu yā rabbi ʔinna qawm-ī ’ttaḫaḏū hāḏā ’l-qurʔāna mahǧūran ‘and the Messenger will say, “My Lord, my people have considered this Revelation as something of no consequence (or: s.th. to be ignored, or: to be abused)’.
▪ Hava1899 has vb. II ^†haǧǧara with still another meaning: ‘to perform (prayer) before the time (Moslem)’, and vb. III hāǧara not only in the sense of ‘to emigrate’ but, more specifically, ‘to leave nomadic life’; hiǧraẗ not only ‘estrangement’ but also ‘removal from the desert to a town’.

▪ Zammit2002: Hbr hgr (Š-stem) ‘to leave alone’, Ar haǧara ‘to separate o.s. from, break off’
▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-1 Ar haǧara ‘rompre avec, s’éloigner de, abandonner; bouder qn, cesser de lui parler’, hiǧraẗ ‘rupture, séparation; départ, émigration’, Marāz mahǧar ‘endroit isolé, lieu dont il n’y a aucun avantage à tirer’, HispAr hažar ‘détester’, Mhr hōgər, Jib hogór ‘émigrer’. – Outside Sem: ? [Berb] Warg aggur ‘marcher’, Naf agər, agur ‘s’en aller’, Tmzġ gurr ‘aller, partir, marcher’? […] -3 Syr hᵉgar, ʔahgar ‘devenir musulman’, mahgᵉrā, mahgᵉrāyā ‘musulman’. […] -7 YemAr haǧar : ruines d’une ville antique, hiǧreh ‘enclave protégée’, SAr hgr ‘ville’, Gz hagar ‘ville, village, province, pays’, hagarit ‘ville, citadins’, Te Tña hagär, ‘région habitée, cité, village’, Amh Choa, Gur agär ‘terre, pays’; ? MġrAr mahǧar ‘chemin, rue très fréquentée, animée’. – Outside Sem: Cohen1969:77 proposant de voir dans HǦR avec cette valeur, une variante méridionale de ʔKL, rapproche d’Eg ʔkr ‘dieu de la terre’, [Berb] Tmšq, Sūs akāl ‘terre, terrain, pays’, [Cush] Af erkē, SaAf rikē, Or irge ‘endroit, place’; sans doute Som hag, hal ‘id.’.

▪ Huehnergard2011 considers HǦR with the value ‘to depart’ as an exclusively Ar root.
▪ A relation to other values of HǦR should however not be discarded right away, although it is not attested and therefore difficult to prove. ‘Departing, leaving behind’ may be at the basis of YemAr haǧar ‘ruins of an old city/village’ (perhaps: *deserted place, = HǦR_7 s.v. ↗HǦR). But one could also imagine the reverse to be the case, i.e., ‘departing, leaving behind’ to be denominative from these ‘ruins’. In a similar vein, Kerr (2014:79,n.119) holds that, outside Ar, the root HǦR is attested only in SSem, where it carries the meaning of ‘city-dweller’ (HǦR_7) (cf. also Ar huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’), and in Hbr and Aram as the name of Abraham’s concubine, Hagar (not accounted for in DRS). haǧara could thus be dependent on haǧar (which perhaps is a Wanderwort (cf. Sum agar ‘territoire irrigué’, Latin ager ‘champ’, IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’—DRS). Some dictionaries indeed (though with adverse direction) interpret the notion of ‘departing’ as that of a ‘removal from the desert to the towns or villages’, in this way linking ‘departure’ up to ‘town, village’. – What is deserted and neglected, also becomes ugly and disgusting; is haǧara therefore possible also the source of HǦR_3 ‘to talk nonsense, obscene language’ (↗huǧr)? Probably not, the latter may be just a metathetical variant of ↗ǦHR.
▪ A relation to the value ‘hottest time of the day’ (HǦR_2, ↗hāǧiraẗ) ‘because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses, as though they forsook one another (tahāǧarū)’ (Lane, quoting Qāmūs), does not seem very likely.

▪ Engl Hegira, 1580 s, from mLat hegira, from Ar hiǧraẗ ‘departure; emigration, flight’, from haǧara ‘to depart’ – Huehnergard2011, .

► haǧǧara, vb. II, to induce (s.o.) to emigrate: D-stem, caus.
► ^BP#4922hāǧara, vb. III, 1 to emigrate; to migrate, drift away (min from an area): L-stem, associative; cf., however, also muhāǧir, below. – 2 (leb.) to be carried away, be in ecstasy, be out of this world (fī because of, by): fig. use of v1.
► ʔahǧara, vb. IV, 1 to leave, abandon, give up (s.th.): may be denom. from *haǧar in the sense of ‘settlement’ (*giving up desert life and settle in an agricultural area), see DISC above and huǧraẗ ~ hiǧraẗ below. – 2 ↗huǧr.
► tahāǧara, vb. VI, to desert one another, part company, separate, break up: tD-stem, recipr.
► haǧr, n., 1 abandonment, forsaking, leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention; separation from the beloved one: vn. I. – 2 ↗hāǧiraẗ.
► ^BP#1760hiǧraẗ, n.f., departure, exit; emigration, exodus; immigration (ʔilà to); al-Hiǧraẗ, n.f., the Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. | Dār al-hiǧraẗ, epithet of Medina; al-hiǧraẗ min al-rīf, n.f., rural exodus, migration from rural areas: n.vic. I, f.
► hiǧrī, adj., of the Hegira, pertaining to Mohammed’s emigration. nsb-adj. of preceding item. | sanaẗ hiǧriyyaẗ, n.f., a year of the Hegira, a year of the Muslim era (beginning with Mohammed’s emigration).
► huǧraẗ, hiǧraẗ, pl. huǧar, hiǧar, n.f., agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd: perh. akin to HǦR_7 in ↗HǦR. The notion of ‘agricultural settlement, cultivated field’ may in itself be the meaning on which that of haǧara is dependent as *‘to leave desert life and settle in an area of agriculture’ (see DISC above).
► mahǧar, pl. mahāǧirᵘ, n., place of emigration, retreat, refuge, sanctuary; emigration; settlement, colony; al-Mahǧar, the Mahjar, the Arab diaspora, Arabs living abroad, specif., in the New World: n.loc.
► mahǧarī, adj., living in exile, exile (in compounds); pertaining to the Mahjar: nsb-adj. of preceding item.
► tahǧīr, n., displacement (of persons); evacuation, relocation (of population): vn. II.
► muhāǧaraẗ, n.f., emigration: vn. III; cf., however, also muhāǧir, below.
► mahǧūr, adj., 1 abandoned, forsaken, deserted: PP I. – 2 lonely, lonesome: ext. of v1. – 3 in disuse, out of use; obsolete (word), antiquated, archaic: ext. of v1. – ^†4 (Hava1899:) uncouth (word), absurd (speech): cf. ↗huǧr.
► ^BP#2962muhāǧir, n., 1 emigrant, emigré: PA III. – 2 al-Muhāǧirūn, n.pl., (histor.) the Meccans who emigrated with Mohammed to Medina: usually seen as a specialization of v1; Kerr2014, however, thinks al-Muhāǧirūn is based on Syr mhaggrāyā (borrowed into Greek as magaroí) ‘the Hagarites’, a synonym for ‘Arabs’, the successors of Ismael, son of Abraham and Hagar.

For other values attached to the root, see ↗HǦR, ↗huǧr ‘obscene language’, ↗huǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’, ↗hāǧiraẗ ‘midday heat’.

huǧr هُجْر

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√HǦR

obscene language – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Vn. of the otherwise obsol. vb. ^†haǧara ‘to talk deliriously (in sleep)’. Etymology obscure.

▪ eC7 ^†haǧara (to speak ill of, slander) Q 23:67 mustakbirīna bi-hī sāmiran tahǧurūna ‘driven by arrogance you spend the evening speaking ill of it [the Qurʔān]’. – Cf. also mahǧūr (PP I, forsaken, abandoned, deserted, shunned, neglected; abused, slandered, insulted) Q 25:30 wa-qāla ’l-rasūlu yā rabbi ʔinna qawm-ī ’ttaḫaḏū hāḏā ’l-qurʔāna mahǧūran ‘and the Messenger will say, “My Lord, my people have considered this Revelation as something of no consequence (or: s.th. to be ignored, or: to be abused)’.
▪ Hava1899 still has a vb. I ^†haǧara (huǧr, hiǧǧīrà, ʔihǧīrà) ‘to talk deliriously (in sleep)’, IV ^†ʔahǧara ‘(fī manṭiqi-hī) to dote, speak nonsense, (bi-) to use unseemly speech; to laugh, scoff at s.o.’, ^†mahǧūr ‘forsaken (house), uncouth (word), absurd (speech)’; cf. also the expression ramā-hu bi’l-hāǧirāti wa’l-muhǧirāti ‘he charged him with disgraceful actions’.

▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-5 Ar hāǧiraẗ ‘langage indécent’, haǧara ‘délirer, radoter’, DaṯAr haǧar ‘parler haut’.

▪ Any relation to other values of ↗HǦR, particularly ‘to desert, emigrate, leave’ (↗haǧara)? The overlapping of the notions of ‘deserted’ and ‘insulted’ in a word like the PP I mahǧūr could tempt us to construct a dependency like ‘deserted, hence insulted’.
▪ Do we have to conform ↗hāǧiraẗ ‘midday heat’ (and related items)?
▪ The strange obsol. vn.s ^†hiǧǧīrà and ^†ʔihǧīrà, displaying rather rare nominal patterns, suggest a foreign origin, while huǧr itself does not.

–

► ʔahǧara, vb. IV, 1 ↗haǧara. – 2 to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat: denom.
► haǧrāʔᵘ, n.f., obscene language: elat.f.
► hāǧiraẗ, pl. hawāǧirᵘ, n.f., 1 see ↗s.v. – 2 (pl. ‑āt, hawāǧirᵘ) obscene language, obscenity.
► mahāǧirᵘ, n.pl., obscenities: pl. of n.loc. (?).
For other items of the root see ↗HǦR, ↗haǧara ‘to depart, emigrate’, ↗huǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’, ↗hāǧiraẗ ‘midday heat’.

hiǧraẗ هِجْرَة

√HǦR

n.f.f.

departure, exit; emigration, exodus; immigration (ʔilà to); al-Hiǧraẗ, n.f., the Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. – WehrCowan1979.

n.vic. I, f.

▪ …

↗haǧara.

▪ Engl Hegira, 1580 s, from mLat hegira, from Ar hiǧraẗ ‘departure; emigration, flight’, from haǧara ‘to depart’ – Huehnergard2011, .

► Dār al-hiǧraẗ, epithet of Medina.
► al-hiǧraẗ min al-rīf, n.f., rural exodus, migration from rural areas.

For other items see ↗haǧara and, for the wider context, ↗HǦR in general. ↗huǧr ‘obscene language’, ↗huǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’, and ↗hāǧiraẗ ‘midday heat’ does not seem to be related.

huǧraẗ هُجْرة , var. hiǧraẗ هِجْرة , pl. huǧar , hiǧar

√HǦR

n.f.

agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd – WehrCowan1979.

Perh. akin to HǦR_7 in ↗HǦR. The notion of ‘agricultural settlement, cultivated field’ may in itself be the meaning on which that of ↗haǧara ‘to depart, leave, migrate’ is dependent as *‘to leave desert life and settle in an area of agriculture’.

▪ …

▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-7 YemAr haǧar : ruines d’une ville antique, hiǧreh ‘enclave protégée’, SAr hgr ‘ville’ (cf. also Müller2010: Sab hgr ‘sedentary, resident population’), Gz hagar ‘ville, village, province, pays’, hagarit ‘ville, citadins’, Te Tña hagär, ‘région habitée, cité, village’, Amh Choa, Gur agär ‘terre, pays’; ? MġrAr mahǧar ‘chemin, rue très fréquentée, animée’. – Outside Sem: Cohen1969:77 proposant de voir dans HǦR avec cette valeur, une variante méridionale de ʔKL, rapproche d’Eg ʔkr ‘dieu de la terre’, [Berb] Tmšq, Sūs akāl ‘terre, terrain, pays’, [Cush] Af erkē, SaAf rikē, Or irge ‘endroit, place’; sans doute Som hag, hal ‘id.’.

▪ In the DRS entry HǦR (#7, = HǦR_7 in ↗HǦR), YemAr haǧar ‘ruins of an old city’ figures together with SSem words denoting ‘settlement, city’, ‘sedentary’, ‘city-dweller’. Ar huǧraẗ ~ hiǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’ is not mentioned in DRS but seems to belong to the same complex.
▪ The vb. ↗haǧara ‘to depart, leave behind, emigrate’ (HǦR_1) may be connected to, if not denominative from, ‘settlement, city, sedentary’, cf. the meaning, given in Hava1899, of vb. III hāǧara not only in the sense of ‘to emigrate’ but, more specifically, ‘to leave nomadic life’ (Lane: ‘to go forth from the desert to the cities or towns’), and that of hiǧraẗ not only as ‘estrangement’ but also ‘removal from the desert to a town’; accord. to Lane, »this is the primary acceptation, with the Arabs, of the verb (when intrans.)«.
▪ Does also (DRS HǦR#5) Syr hᵉgar, ʔahgar ‘to become a Muslim’, mahgᵉrā, mahgᵉrāyā ‘Muslim’ belong here? What at first may look as if it were derived from Ar al-Muhāǧirūn ‘the Meccans who emigrated with Mohammed to Medina’ may however be in itself the source of the Ar word: Kerr2014 thinks that the meaning ‘to migrate’ is secondary, al-Muhāǧirūn being based on Syr mhaggrāyā (borrowed into Greek as magaroí) as ‘the Hagarites’, a synonym for ‘Arabs’, the successors of Ismael, son of Abraham and Hagar, and the name Hagar (Hbr Hāgār) may have s.th. to do with ‘settlement, settling in a(nother) city’ (rather than meaning ‘flight’, as is usually assumed).
▪ DRS reports that YemAr haǧar is perhaps is a Wanderwort , akin to Sum agar ‘irrigated territory’, Lat ager ‘field’, IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’.¹
▪ A relation to ‘hottest time of the day’ (HǦR_2, ↗hāǧiraẗ) and ‘obscene language; to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat’ (HǦR_3, ↗huǧr) does not seem likely.

1. In contrast, Dolgopolsky2012#2571 does not connect the Sum and Lat (< IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’) words with Ar HǦR but with Ar ↗ḥākūraẗ ‘piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor for sowing and planting trees, (WehrCowan1979:) small vegetable garden’ (< Syr ḥkwrʔ /*ḥakūrā ?/ ‘field’ < CSem *ḤKR ‘field in cultivation’).

–

For other items of the root see ↗HǦR, ↗haǧara ‘to depart, emigrate’, ↗huǧr ‘obscene language’, ↗hāǧiraẗ ‘midday heat, midday, noon’.

hāǧiraẗ هاجِرة , pl. hawāǧirᵘ

√HǦR

n.f.

1 midday heat, midday, noon – WehrCowan1979. – 2 For another meaning see ↗huǧr .

Etymology obscure. ClassAr lexicography constructs a relation to ↗haǧara ‘to depart, emigrate’, but this is hardly to be trusted.

▪ Hava1899 still has the (denom.) vbs. II ^†haǧǧara ‘to be intensely hot (day)’; id., ^†ʔahǧara (IV), and ^†haǧǧara (V) ‘to journey in the middle of the day’; as well as the n. (nominalized adj.?) ^†haǧūrī ‘midday-meal’.

▪ DRS 5 (1995)#HGR-2 Ar haǧr, haǧīraẗ ‘milieu du jour, le plus fort de la chaleur’, HispAr hāžira ‘heure de la sieste’, Mhr hēgər ‘faire chaud à midi’, Jib hógər ‘midi’.

▪ ClassAr lexicography constructs a relation between ‘midday heat’ and ↗haǧara ‘to depart, emigrate’, claiming that the former is dependent on the latter »because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses, as though they forsook one another (tahāǧarū)« (Lane, quoting Qāmūs). But this looks very much as a late attempt at explaining, and unifying, semantic variety within the root.
▪ The word not only appears in the form hāǧiraẗ that looks like PA I f. (FāʕiL-aẗ-), but also as ^†haǧr, haǧīr and haǧīraẗ (the latter two displaying a quasi-PP I pattern (FaʕīL-aẗ-). DRS lists ^†haǧr and haǧīraẗ as the most original forms, but does not provide further explanation.

–

► ḫaṭṭ al-hāǧiraẗ, n.f., meridian (geogr.)

► haǧr, n., 1 ↗haǧara. – 2 hottest time of the day.
► haǧīr, n., midday heat: quasi-PP I.
► haǧīraẗ, n.f., midday heat, midday, noon: quasi-PP I, f.
► hāǧirī, adj., midday (adj.); meridional (geogr.); excellent, outstanding: nsb-adj.
► mahǧūr, adj., 1 abandoned, forsaken, deserted: PP I of ↗haǧara. – 2 lonely, lonesome: ext. of v1. – 3 in disuse, out of use; obsolete (word), antiquated, archaic: ext. of v1. – ^†4 (Hava1899:) uncouth (word), absurd (speech): cf. ↗huǧr.

For other values attached to the root, see ↗HǦR, ↗haǧara ‘to depart, emigrate’, ↗huǧr ‘obscene language’, ↗huǧraẗ ‘agricultural settlement of the Wahabi Ikhwān in Nejd’.

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=ctext&uid=dab47f8a-06ff-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display