Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ʔBD_1 ‘to stay, abide; to last, persist; endless, eternal; (?) ^†liveforever, sempervivum ’ ↗ʔabada_1
▪ ʔBD_2 ‘to be wild, untamed, shy, run away (animal, game); to be unusual, prodigious’ ↗ʔabada_2

BAH2008: ‘[1]long time, eternity; [2] to go wild; to desert, be deserted; wild animals’

▪ Arab lexicographers relate ʔBD_1 and ʔBD_2 to each other via the participle ʔābid(aẗ) saying that ‘wild animals live long, unless killed by accident’– Lane i 1863.

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▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔBD/T-1 Akk abātu ‘jeter à terre, détruire, anéantir’ (réfl. à n- ‘être perdu, périr’); Ug ʔbd, oCan *abada, Phoen (impfv) yʔbd, Mo ʔbd, Hbr ʔābad, EpigAram ʔbd, JP ʔᵃbad, Mand abad ‘être perdu, périr, errer’; Ar ʔabida ‘s’irriter contre qn’; ʔabada ‘s’enfuir (animal), devenir sauvage (bétail)’; ʔabidaẗ ‘malheur; chose extraordinaire, étrange’; Gz ʔabda ‘fuir, errer; agir sottement, être fou’; Amh abbädä ‘être fou, furieux’; Te ʔabbädä ‘tromper’; ʔabəd, Tña ʔəbud, Amh Arg əbd ‘fou’. -2?Ug ʔubdy ‘(bail) de longue durée’; Hbr ʔobēd ‘toujours’; Ar ʔabada ‘s’arrêter, faire halte dans un lieu, durer’; ʔabadan ‘toujours, jamais’; ʔabad, ʔabaǧ ‘éternité’. -3 Ar taʔabbada ‘être marqué de taches de rousseur (visage)’. -4 ʔabid ‘joubarbe’. -5 ʔubayd ‘sorte de millet’.
▪ …

▪ The two values may belong together, cf. DRS I (1994), s.v. ʔBD, where it is asked whether √ʔBD_1 should be made dependent on ʔBD_2; the hypothesis of a general value of ‘transgression of limits/boundaries’ for ʔBD_2 would permit that.
▪ Arab lexicographers ‎relate √ʔBD_1 and √ʔBD_2 to each other via the participle ʔābid(aẗ) saying that »wild animals ‎live long, unless killed by accident« (Lane i 1863).
▪ The value ^†‘liveforever, sempervivum ’ (ʔabid) is listed as a distinct value by DRS I (1994), (#ʔBD-4 ‘joubarbe’). However, given the fact that sempervivum does not seem to occur endemically in Ar-speaking regions it may just be a calque from a language that termed it ‘liveforever’, perhaps from Lat?
▪ Accord. to DRS, the root belongs to a group of roots that can be assumed to be derived from a nuclear *BD because all show the basic meaning of ‘to prowl, wander around, to disappear’, cf. also BDBD, ↗BDW/Y, ↗BWD, ↗BYD.
▪ Gabal2012 makes a similar assumption, but thinks that the meaning of the biconsonantal nucleus *BD is ‘extended separation or longtime distancing as the result of the emergence of a gap’. Accord. to him, preceding *ʔ‑ underlines the persistence of the separation expressed in *BD, modifying it to give ‘to last long’. – Cf. also ↗badaʔa, ↗badara, ↗badaʕa, ↗badala, ↗badan, ↗bāda.¹

1. Ehret1989 too assumes a bi-consonantal nuclear *BD from which a number of 3-radical roots are derived by extension. For him, *BD has the basic meaning ‘to appear’. However, he does not include ʔBD in the list of roots that he thinks are derived from *BD.

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¹ʔabad‑ أَبَدَ , i (ʔubūd)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ʔBD

vb., I

1 to stay, linger (bi‑ at a place). – 2 For other meanings see ↗ʔabada_2 – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Arab lexicographers relate ʔabada_1 and ↗ʔabada_2 to each other via the participle ʔābid(aẗ) saying that ‘wild animals live long, unless killed by accident’ – Lane i 1863. For the overall picture cf. ↗ʔBD.

▪ …

▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔBD/T-2: ?Ug ʔubdy ‘(bail) de longue durée’; Hbr ʔobēd ‘toujours’; Ar ʔabada ‘s’arrêter, faire halte dans un lieu, durer’; ʔabadan ‘toujours, jamais’; ʔabad, ʔabaǧ ‘éternité’. – ? #ʔBD/T-4 ʔabid ‘joubarbe’.
▪ Cf., however, also the cognates of ↗ʔabada_2 (= DRS #ʔBD/T-1).

See section CONC, above.

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► ʔabbada, vb. II, to make lasting or permanent, perpetuate, eternize: D-stem, caus.
► taʔabbada, vb. V, 1 to be perpetuated, become lasting or permanent: tD-stem, intr./pass. of II. – 2 For other meanings see ↗ʔabada_2.

► ʔabad, pl. ʔābād, n., endless, eternal duration, eternity: may be the etymon proper, the vb. perhaps being denom. from ʔabad. | ʔabadan, adv., always, forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the future), not at all, on no account; (alone, without negation) never! not at all! by no means!; ʔilà /ʕalà ’l-ʔabad, ʔabada ’l-dahr, adv., forever; ʔabada ’l-ʔabad, ʔabada ’l-ʔābidīn, ʔabada ’l-ʔabadiyyaẗ, adv., forever and ever.
► ʔabadī, adj., everlasting, eternal, endless: nsb-adj. of preceding item.
► ʔabadiyyaẗ, n.f., infinite duration, endless time, eternity: n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ.
► ʔābid, adj., 1 resident; nonmigratory (bird): PA I. – 2 ↗ʔabada_2.
► ʔābidaẗ, pl. ʔawābidᵘ, n.f., 1 resident bird: PA I, f. – 2 and 3 ↗ʔabada_2.
► muʔabbad, adj., eternal, endless, everlasting: PP II | siǧn ~, n., life imprisonment.

For other values attached to the root, see ↗ʔabada_2.

²ʔabad‑ أَبَدَ , i u

√ʔBD

vb., I

1 ↗ʔabada_1 . – 2 to roam in a state of wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run away (animal, game) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Arab lexicographers relate ʔabada_2 and ↗ʔabada_1 to each other via the participle ʔābid(aẗ) saying that ‘wild animals live long, unless killed by accident’ – Lane i 1863. For the overall picture cf. ↗ʔBD.

▪ …

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘to get lost, comminute’) Akk (ībut ‘to destroy’), Hbr ʔāḇaḏ, Syr ʔeḇaḏ, Gz ʔbd – (a) ‘to be meaningless, mad’.
▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔBD/T-1: Akk abātu ‘jeter à terre, détruire, anéantir’ (réfl. à n- ‘être perdu, périr’); Ug ʔbd, oCan *abada, Phoen (impfv) yʔbd, Mo ʔbd, Hbr ʔābad, EpigAram ʔbd, JP ʔᵃbad, Mand abad ‘être perdu, périr, errer’; Ar ʔabida ‘s’irriter contre qn’; ʔabada ‘s’enfuir (animal), devenir sauvage (bétail)’; ʔabidaẗ ‘malheur; chose extraordinaire, étrange’; Gz ʔabda ‘fuir, errer; agir sottement, être fou’; Amh abbädä ‘être fou, furieux’; Te ʔabbädä ‘tromper’; ʔabəd, Tña ʔəbud, Amh Arg əbd ‘fou’.
▪ Cf., however, also the cognates of ↗ʔabada_1 (= DRS #ʔBD/T-2).

See section CONC, above.

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► taʔabbada, vb. V, 1 ↗ʔabada_1. – 2 to return to a state of wildness: tD-stem, intr.
► ʔābid, adj., 1 ↗ʔabada_1. – 2 wild, untamed: PA I.
► ʔābidaẗ, pl. ʔawābidᵘ, n.f., 1 ↗ʔabada_1. – 2 wild animal; monster: PA I, f. | ʔawābid al-dunyā, n.pl., the Wonders of the World. – 3 unusual thing, prodigious event: fig. use of [v2] (?).

For other values attached to the root, see ↗ʔabada_1.

ʔabad أَبَد , pl. ʔābād

√ʔBD

endless, eternal duration, eternity – WehrCowan1979.

May be the etymon proper of the complex treated under ↗ʔabada_1. See also ↗ʔBD for the whole picture.

▪ eC7 ʔabadan 1 (forever, eternally, very long time) Q 4:122 wa’l-laḏīna ʔāmanū wa-ʕamilū ’l-ṣāliḥāti sa-nudḫilu-hum ǧannātin taǧrī min taḥti-hā ’l-ʔanhāru ḫālidīna fī-hā ʔabadan ‘as for those who believe and do goot deeds, We will admit them into gardens graced with flowing streams; there they are to remain for ever’; 2 (enhancing negation: ever) a) (expressively) Q 9:108 lā taqum fī-hi ʔabadan ‘don’t you ever pray in it’, b) (elliptically) Q 24:17 yaʕiẓu-kum-a ’llāhu ʔan taʕūdū li-miṯli-hī ʔabadan ‘God admonishes you [not] to revert to the like of this [sin] ever’.

↗ʔBD, ↗ʔabada_1

↗ʔBD, ↗ʔabada_1.

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► ʔabadan, adv., always, forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the future), not at all, on no account; (alone, without negation) never! not at all! by no means!
► ʔilà / ʕalà ’l-ʔabad, ʔabada ’l-dahr, adv., forever.
► ʔabada ’l-ʔabad, ʔabada ’l-ʔābidīn, ʔabada ’l-ʔabadiyyaẗ, adv., forever and ever.

► ʔabadī, adj., everlasting, eternal, endless: nsb-adj.
► ʔabadiyyaẗ, n.f., infinite duration, endless time, eternity: n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ.

For other items related to ʔabad cf. ↗ʔabada_1.

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