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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḍayf ضَيْف , pl. ḍuyūf , ʔaḍyāf , ḍīfān 
ID 532 • Sw – • BP 1454 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḌYF 
n. 
guest; visitor – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ »From the basic meaning ‘to incline towards, to set (of the sun), swerve, glance off (of an arrow)’, the verbal root comes to mean ‘to turn aside (from one’s road)’ and ‘to halt, on a visit to someone’, whence for the noun the sense of ‘guest’ […]« – J. Lecerf, art. “Ḍayf”, in EI².
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#584 derive the word from a reconstructed Sem *ṣ̂ayp‑ ‘guest’ < ? AfrAs *ć̣ay˅p‑ ‘stranger, guest’.
▪ For the concept of ḍiyāfaẗ see s.v.. 
▪ … 
Militarev/Stolbova 2007: Qat ḍyf ‘to ask to make a trading journey’, Mhr źayf / źīfon ‘guest, wedding guest’, Jib eźéf ‘to give hospitality’, Ḥrs źayf ‘guest’, Soq ḍef ‘recevoir qq’un comme hôte’. The forms in the modSAr languages may be an Arabisms. – Outside Sem: ŝapa, nzàfè ‘friend’ in 2 WCh languages; me-zep, mos, me-dap ‘stranger’ in 3 WCh idioms; mì-zèp, mɨ̀-zèp, mɨ̀-zìp, miz̃iva ‘guest’ in 4 WCh idioms; m̀-zèp, mǝ̀-zǝ̀p ‘stranger; guest’ in 2 WCh idioms; mɨ̀-s̃ɨbì, mí-híbí, mɨ̀-s̃ɨpì, mi-šibi, mɨ̀-s̃ɨpì in 4 CCh languages; and ĉap‑ ‘to pay bridewealth’ 1 SCush language. 
Orel&Stolbova1994 and TB2007: From Sem *ṣ̂ayp‑ ‘guest’. Because of the WCh (*ĉ̣ay(˅)p‑ or *ĉ̣ay(˅)f‑ ‘friend; stranger; guest’), CCh (*mi-ŝip‑ or *mi-ŝipi ‘guest’) and SCush (*ĉap‑ ‘pay bridewealth’) cognates, a common AfrAs origin can be assumed, the most probable reconstruction for which is *ć̣ay˅p‑ ‘stranger, guest’. The authors assume also a denominative vb. Sem *ṣ̂˅y˅p as ancestor of Ar ḍāfa i ‘to be a guest’ and Jib eḍef ‘to give hospitality’. 
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► ḍāfa, i (ḍiyāfaẗ), vb. I, to stop or stay as a guest: denominative (?).
► ḍayyafa, vb. II, to take in as a guest, receive hospitably, entertain: caus., denom.
► BP#291ʔaḍāfa, vb. IV, = II: caus., denom.; to add, subjoin, annex, attach; to admix; to connect, bring in relation (ʔilà with); to ascribe, attribute, assign (ʔilà to s.o.): metaph. use (?).
► ĭnḍāfa, vb. VII, to be added, be annexed, be subjoined, be attached (ʔilà to): pass. of I, metaph. use (?).
► BP#3942ĭstaḍāfa, vb. X, to invite s.o. to be one’s guest: denom.

► ḍiyāfaẗ, n.f., hospitable reception, entertainment as guest, accomodation; hospitality:.
► miḍyāf, adj., hospitable; n., hospitable host :.
► maḍāfaẗ, n.f., hostel, guesthouse, inn: n.loc.
► maḍyafaẗ, n.f., guest room; guesthouse: n.loc.
► BP#382ʔiḍāfaẗ, n.f., addition, apposition; subjunction, annexation, appending, attachment, augmentation, supplementation; assignment, allocation; ascription, attribution (ʔilà to): vn. IV, metaph. use; genitive construction (gram.): specialised meaning | ʔ. ʔilà ʔaǧal limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl. Law):.
► BP#2419ʔiḍāfī, adj., additional, supplementary, auxiliary, contributory, extra; secondary, subsidiary, tributary, accessory, incidental, side-, by (in compounds); relative (philos.): nsb-adj from ʔiḍāfaẗ.
► ʔiḍāfiyyaẗ, n.f., relativity (philos.): n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ from ʔiḍāfaẗ.
► BP#1956muḍīf, n., host: lexicalized PA IV.
► muḍīfaẗ, n.f., hostess; air hostess, stewardess: lexicalized PA IV, f.
► muḍāf, adj., added, subjoined, adjoined, apposed: PP IV; construct state (gram.): nominalized PP IV.
 

ḌYQ ضيق 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Mar2023
√ḌYQ 
“root” 
▪ ḌYQ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌYQ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḌYQ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to be narrow, cramped, confined, straitened, be anguished, poverty; to be in poverty’ 
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ṭāʔ طاء 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ 
R₁ 
The letter ṭ of the Arabic alphabet. 
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▪ …
▪ … 
▪ …
▪ … 
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► 
ṬāĠūt طاغوت 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṬāĠūt, ṬĠY 
“root” 
▪ ṬāĠūt_1 ‘...’ ↗ṭāġūt
 
▪ BAH2008: see ↗ṬĠY
 
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ṬāLūt طالوت 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṬāLūt 
“root” 
▪ ṬāLūt_1 ‘...’ ↗ṭālūt 
▪ Acc. to BAH2008, »the non-Arabic origin of this word is recognised by the sources which describe it as being of foreign or Hbr origin.« 
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