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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ǧāniḥaẗ جانِحة , pl. ǧawāniḥᵘ
 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 13Apr2023, last update 21May2023
√ǦNḤ 
n.f.
 
1 rib; 2 (pl. also:) bosom, heart, soul – WehrCowan1976
 
▪ Ar ǧāniḥaẗ ‘rib; bosom, heart, soul’ is a reflexion of a Sem word that Militarev&Kogan2005 (SED I #86) reconstruct (with some reluctance) as Sem *ganaḥ- ‘chest with upper arm/wing’ (< AfrAs *g˅n˅ḥ- ‘arm/leg; wing’). If their reconstruction is valid, ǧāniḥaẗ has preserved one of the aspects of the Sem etymon (*‘chest’ > [v2] ‘bosom’, hence also [v1] ‘rib’) while *‘arm/wing’ lives on in ↗ǧanāḥ ‘arm/wing is’ (hence also ‘side, flank’).
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▪ DRS 3 (1993) #GNḤ-1-2 .... -3 Ar ǧanāḥ ‘aile, bord, côté’, ǧinḥ ‘bord, côté’, ǧunḥ ‘crépuscule’, ǧanaḥa ‘(se) pencher, s’incliner, décliner’, Jib génaḥ ‘aile’, Mhr agonəḥ ‘voler’, Soq ganḥ ‘côté’.
▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Ar ǧanāḥ, ǧāniḥaẗ, Soq ganḥ. | Outside Sem: Eg ḏnḥ (Pyr) ‘wing’, (18th Dyn) ‘leg or part of it’. Also related may be certain terms meaning ‘hand/arm’, ‘foot/leg’ and ‘wing’ in those Cush, Omot and Chad languages which do not differenciate between AfrAs *-ḥ and *-ʕ and are usually united under AfrAs *ga/in(a)ʕ- ‘hand’; the last may be eventually related to the present entry as a variant root.
 
▪ MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #86: Reconstruction of Sem etymon is questionable. Anatomic terms valid for comparison are scarcely attested only in Ar and Soq where it can be an Ar loan. Cf. Mhr agōnəḥ ‘to fly’, likely related; Jib gɛ́naḥ ‘wing’ is an Arabism, according to Johnstone. The protSem reconstruction is, however, supported by the existence of an AfrAs (Eg) parallel.
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►bayna ǧawāniḥī, expr., in my bosom, at heart
►ṭafarat ǧawāniḥu-hā, expr., she became happily excited, she trembled with joy

 For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧanaḥa, ↗ǧinḥ, ↗ǧunḥ, ↗ǧanāḥ, and ↗ǧunāḥ, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗ǦNḤ.
 
ǦND جند 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 19Oct2022
√ǦND 
“root” 
▪ ǦND_1 ‘soldiers, army’ ↗ǧund
▪ ǦND_ ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘troops, forces, host, army; helpers, supporters; thick rocky land; to enlist a fighting force, to muster’ 
▪ ǦND_1 : prob. via Aram (so Jeffery1938) from the same oPers etymon from which is Pers kund ‘courageous, brave, strong’, gundāvar ‘combattant’, from Skr kunthah ‘raw; strong; hero’, IE *kund- ‘raw/brutal, strong, massive, rude’ – Rolland2014.
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