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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ziḥām زِحام 
ID 352 • Sw – • BP 4421 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZḤM 
vn., III 
1 crush, jam; 2 crowd, throng – WehrCowan1979. 
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See ↗zaḥama. 
ZḪRF زخرف 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 24Mar2023
√ZḪRF 
“root” 
▪ ZḪRF_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZḪRF_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZḪRF_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘gold, ornamentation, decoration, flowery talk, land covered with flowers’ 
▪ It has been suggested that the entire root is a borrowing from Syr – Bah2008.
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*ZR‑ زرـ 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZR 
2-cons. root nucleus 
to spill (Ehret1989#18), disperser, éparpiller (DRS) 
▪ According to Ehret1989#18, a »pre-protSem« 2-cons. root nucleus ZR- existed with the meaning ‘to spill’. For 3-cons. extensions from this root nucleus cf. below, section DERIV.
▪ Cf. also DRS 8 (1999)#-ZR- : Plusieures racines signifiant ‘disperser, éparpiller’ contiennent cette séquence consonantique; souvent, il s’agit de racines à 4 consonnes qui peuvent, dans certains cas, constituer des développements de racines triconsonantiques par adjonction ou insertion, ou aussi par croisement avec une autre racine : voir par exemple ZRBS, ZRTS, qui sont liés à ZRS, ZRW, ZRR, ZRQ, ZRBB, ZNZR; cette séquence alterne avec ZL dans ZWLL, ZLNṬL; v. aussi s. -ḎR-. D’autres formes de sens analogue présentent une séquence Z + pharyngale ou laryngale, voir ZH/Ḥ/ʕ. 
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3-cons. extensions for the 2-cons. root nucleus *ZR-, according to Ehret1989#18:

► + “extendative” *‑b = ↗zariba ‘to flow, run, run out, flow over’
► + “sunderative” *‑ʕ = ↗zaraʕa ‘to sow, scatter seed, seed (n.)’
► + “andative” *‑ḳ = ↗zaraqa ‘to drop excrement; to throw, hurl’
► + “fortative” *‑m = †zarama ‘to give birth’
 
ZRB زرب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 24Mar2023
√ZRB 
“root” 
▪ ZRB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZRB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZRB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wooden sheep enclosure; entrance; lion’s den; waterfall course; carpet, field full of flowers’ 
▪ zarābiyy ‘carpets’ is considered by some as a borrowing from Pers, Syr or Gz.
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ZRʕ زرع 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZRʕ 
“root” 
▪ ZRʕ_1 ‘to sow, plant, grow, cultivate; seed’ ↗zaraʕa
▪ ZRʕ_2 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ZRʕ_3 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to sow, plant, cultivate, grow plants’ 
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