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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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zunǧufr زُنْجُفْر , var. zinǧafr 
ID … • Sw … • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZNǦFR, ZNǦR, cf. also ǦNZR 
n. 
cinnabar ‒ WehrCowan1979. 
▪ From oPers sinkadruš ‘cinabre, sulfure de mercure’ (Rolland2014a) or Pers šangarf ‘minium, cinnabar’ (Lokotsch1927, DRS). 
▪ … 
▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZNGPR: Syr zngwpr, Ar zunǧufr. 
▪ Rolland2014a: zinǧār ~ ǧinzār ‘verdigris’, and zinǧafr ~ zunǧufr ‘minium, cinnabar’: from oPers sinkadruš ‘cinnabar, mercuric sulphide, vermillion’ (Nourai)
▪ Lokotsch1927#1827, DRS 8 (1999)#ZNGPR: From Pers šangarf ‘verdigris, minium, cinnabar’.
▪ NişanyanSözlük_01Dec2014: Ar zanǧafr, Pers zenǧefre, from zngūprā ~ sūngprā , from a Phoen source. 
▪ Tu zincifre: 1303 Codex Cumanicus: cenapio = Pers singft = Tr zingft; <1421? Yādigâr-ı İbn-i Şerīf: zincifre – NişanyanSözlük_01Dec2014.
▪ Engl cinnabar: mC15, »‘red or crystalline form of mercuric sulphide’, also applied to other ores of mercury, originally with reference to its use as a pigment; from oFr cinabre (C13), from lLat cinnābaris, from Grk kinnábari, of oriental origin (compare Pers zinǧafr, zenǧefreh in the same sense). Also used C14-C17 of red resinous juice of a certain Eastern tree, which was believed to be a mixture of dragon’s and elephant’s blood« – EtymOnline.
▪ Lokotsch1927#1827: Pers šangarf > Ar zinǧafr ~ zunǧufr , Tu zincifre > Grk tiggábari, kinnábari, Lat cinnābaris > It cinabro, Fr cinabre, Span Port cinabrio, Rum chinovar; Engl cinnabar, Ge Zinnober, Swed cinnober; Ru kinowar, Pol cynober, Cz cinobr, Serb cinober, Bulg kinowar. 
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ZNM زنم 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 25Mar2023
√ZNM 
“root” 
▪ ZNM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZNM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ZNM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): Derivatives of this root are taken from the n. zanamaẗ, the ‘lowest edge of the earlobe’. It was customary in pre-Islamic Arabia to slit the lower earlobe of certain pedigree animals at one end and leave it hanging as a mark of their value. Metaphorically, zanamaẗ came to convey the concept of ‘attachment’. zanīm said of animals means ‘pedigree’, but of humans it is associated with ‘servant, person of uncertain parentage and scoundrel’. 
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ZNY زني 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ZNY 
“root” 
▪ ZNY_1 ‘to fornicate, (to commit) adultery’ ↗zanà

Other values, now obsolete:
  • †ZNY_2 ‘to be(come) strait, tight, narrow; (D-stem:) to oppress’: Lane

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to fornicate, (to commit) adultery. – 2 to be in a tight place, (of s.th.) be narrow’ 
▪ ZNY_1 : from WSem *ZNY ‘to fornicate, (to commit) adultery’.
▪ ZNY_2 : etymology obscure; properly ZNW, not ZNY! 
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▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZNW/Y-1 [only Akk]. –2 Ar zanā (ZNW) ‘être resserré, étroit’. –3 Hbr zānāh, JP zənā, Mand zna, Ar zanà (ZNY), Mhr zənū, Jib zini, Ḥrs zenō, Gz zanaya, Te Amh zänna ‘commettre l’adulterie, forniquer’, Syr zanī ‘être débauché, déshonorer’, Gz zanawa ‘être sale, impur’; Hbr zonāh, Palm znytʔ, nSyr zanītā ‘prostituée’. – Outside Sem: Af sannaw , Sa zanaw ‘forniquer’. [-4 -5 -6 no represented in Ar.] 
See section CONCISE, above. 
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