Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to pour down, slide down, (of sand or earth in a pit) to trick.le down, heap up (sand or earth), cause to pour down, avalanching sand dunes, gang up; a halo’

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HYM هيم

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 21May2023, last updated 29Apr2024

√HYM

“root”

▪ HYM_1 ‘to roam, rove, wander about aimlessly’ ↗hāma; ‘burning thirst; passionate love’ ↗huyām, hiyām

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†HYM_2 ‘quick-sand, drift-sand’: ^†huyām (pl. huyum); cf. also ^†haymāʔᵘ ‘waterless desert’
▪ ^†HYM_3 ‘starless’: in ^†layl ʔahyamᵘ, ^†laylaẗ haymāʔᵘ ‘starless night’
▪ ^†HYM_4 ‘to take care of o.s.’: ĭhtāma li-nafsi-h (vb. VIII); cf. also him (vb. I) li-nafsi-ka ‘mind thy own business!’
▪ ^†HYM_5 ‘…’ : ^†…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to wander about aimlessly, be confused, be bewildered, be puzzled, be robbed of the senses; to be infatuated, be enchanted, be carried away; to be demented by thirst, a waterless desert’

▪ [gen] : DRS HW/YM-1 arranges HWM and HYM items together in one group, while a relation between them is not obvious. For ‘head’ and ‘to doze off’ see therefore ↗HWM.
▪ [v1] : Given the Hbr and Aram cognates, it seems that the primary value was *‘(to wander about in) confusion, panic’. But should the reason for *‘confusion, panic’ be secondary? One may assume that *‘thirst’ was first and that all other values developed from there. ‘Passionate love’ would then be metaphoric use of *‘thirst’, and ‘wandering about aimlessly’ an extension built on ‘to be thirsty, be demented by thirst’. From there, it is not far to the next stage, that of ‘to be(come) confused, robbed of one’s senses (either as a result of thirst or of passionate love)’.
▪ ^†[v2] : cf. ↗^†HWM_3? Or rather related to [v1] ‘to wander about aimlessly’?
▪ ^†[v3] : dto. ?
▪ ^†[v4] : prob. a var. of ĭhtamma, see ↗HMː (HMM).
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▪ DRS HW/YM-1 Hbr *hām ‘mettre en déroute’, məhūmāʰ ‘affolement, panique’, oAram hwm, thm ‘être hors de soi, se lamenter’, Syr hūmā ‘persécution ( ? )’. – Ar hāma ‘errer comme un fou; aimer éperdument; avoir soif’, huyām, hiyām ‘amour passionné, soif ardente’, haymiyāʔ ‘fascination, exorcisme des démons’; DaṯAr hām ‘disparaître’, EAr hāme ‘spectre, fantôme’. – hāmaẗ ‘tête, sommet de la tête; chouette’, hawwama ‘secouer la tête en sommeillant’, hāma ‘dormir’. – hawm ‘intérieur de la terre’, hawmaẗ ‘vaste plaine’, haymāʔ ‘désert’, hayām, huyām ‘sable mouvant’, ʔahyamᵘ ‘sombre (nuit)’. -2 tahayyum ‘démarche élégante’. -3 SaudAr hām ‘serpent’, hawām: insectes en général, reptiles, vers; ? hēm: irritation que provoquent certains petits insectes chez les gallinacés. -4 Amh homa ‘troupe d’éléphants’
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▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ DRS #HW/YM-1 suggests to compare also ↗ʔWM.
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hām‑ / him‑ هام / هِمْـ , i (haym, hayamān; huyām, hiyām)

√HYM

vb. I

I (haym, hayamān) 1a to fall in love (bi‑ with); b to be in love (bi‑ with); 2a to be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside o.s.; b to be in raptures, be crazy (bi‑ about), be gone on (bi‑); 3 to roam, rove, wander; – II (huyām, hiyām) to thirst (bi‑ for) – WehrCowan1976

▪ [gen] : DRS HW/YM-1 arranges HYM together with HWM items in one group, while a relation between them is not obvious. For ‘head’ and ‘to doze off’ see therefore ↗HWM.
▪ [gen] : Given the Hbr and Aram cognates, it seems that the primary value was *‘(to wander about in) confusion, panic’, i.e., [vI-3]. But should the reason for *‘confusion, panic’ be secondary? One may assume that [vII] *‘thirst’ was first and that all other values developed from there. ‘Passionate love’ would then be metaphoric use of *‘thirst’, and ‘wandering about aimlessly’ an extension built on ‘to be thirsty, be demented by thirst’. From there, it is not far to the next stage, that of ‘to be(come) confused, robbed of one’s senses (either as a result of thirst or of passionate love)’.
▪ See also below, section HIST.
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▪ Cf. also ^†ʔahyamᵘ (f. haymāʔᵘ, pl. hīm) ‘affected with unquenchable thirst (camel)’
▪ Relation to ^†huyām (pl. huyum) ‘quick-sand, drift-sand’ and ^†haymāʔᵘ ‘waterless desert’ unclear (↗^†HYM_2).
▪ It is likewise unclear whether the hāma items treated in this entry are related to the idea of ‘starlessness’, as in ^†layl ʔahyamᵘ, ^†laylaẗ haymāʔᵘ ‘starless night’ (↗^†HYM_3).
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▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ DRS #HW/YM-1 suggests to compare also ↗ʔWM.
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►hāma ʕalà wajhih, expr., to wander aimlessly about
►hāma fī widyān, expr., approx.: he was no longer himself, was floating in higher regions, was beside himself, out of his senses;
►hāma bi-ʔanẓārih, expr., to let one’s eyes wander

►hayyama, vb. II, 1a to confuse, bewilder, puzzle, mystify, mislead; b to infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry away, rob of his senses (s.o.; of love): D-stem, caus. (mainly of [v2])
►ŭstuhyima, vb. X, pass., 1a to be infatuated, enchanted, captivated, carried away; b to be passionately in love: pass. of *Št-stem, self-ref. of caus. *Š-stem

►huyām, hiyām, n., 1 passionate love; 2 burning thirst: vn. I
►hayūm, adj., confused, puzzled, baffled, mystified, perplexed: ints. adj. in FaʕūL
►haymānᵘ, f. haymà, pl. hiyām, adj., 1 madly in love; 2 very thirsty: ints. formation in ‑ān
►hāʔim, pl. huyyam, huyyām, adj., 1a perplexed, mystified, baffled, puzzled, confused; b out of one’s senses, beside o.s.; c in love, mad with love: PA I
►mustahām, adj., in love, mad with love: PP X

Cf. perhaps also ↗√HWM.

HYMN هيمن

√HYMN

“root”

▪ HYMN_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ HYMN_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to witness, to stand as witness, a witness; to allay fears; to provide proof; important issues; to take care of others, to be trusted with, to be in control of, to be in a position of trust, to be trustworthy’. – Some philologists consider this to be a trilateral root derived from the root ʔMN (q.v.).

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