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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ṭaʕim‑ طَعِمَ , a (ṭaʕm) 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ṬʕM 
vb., I 
1 to eat; 2 to taste; 3 to relish, enjoy, savor – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2454: from protSem *ṭ˅ʕam‑ ‘to taste, eat’ < AfrAs *ṭaʕam‑ ‘to taste, eat’.
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘taste’) Akk ṭēmu ‘reason, intelligence’, Hbr ṭáʕam, Syr ṭaʕmā, Gz ṭāʕm.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2454: Hbr ṭʕm, Aram ṭʕm, Gz ṭʕm, Jib ṭaʕam, Soq ṭaʕam, Ḥrs ṭām, Mhr ṭām, Šḥr ṭʕam). – Outside Sem: Saho ḍaʕam‑ ‘to taste’, Som ḍaʕan ‘taste’ (n.), Dhl ṯem‑ ‘to try, look at’.
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▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2454: protSem *ṭ˅ʕam‑ ‘to taste, eat’, protSA *ḍaʕam‑) ‘to taste’ protLEC *ḍaʕam‑) ‘taste’ (n.), Dhl ṯem‑ ‘to try, look at’, all from hypothetical AfrAs *ṭaʕam‑ ‘to taste, eat’.
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►ṭaʕʕama, vb. II, 1 to graft, engraft; 2 to inoculate, vaccinate; 3 to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory): D‑stem.
►ʔaṭʕama, vb. IV, 1 to feed, give to eat, nourish, serve food or drink to s.o.; 2 to have s.o. taste, relish or enjoy: *Š‑stem, caus.
►taṭaʕʕama, vb. V, 1 to taste; 2 (Eg) to be inoculated or vaccinated: Dt‑stem.
►ĭstaṭʕama, vb. X, 1 to taste; 2 to ask for food: *Št‑stem, desiderative.

►BP#2860ṭaʕm, pl. ṭuʕūm, n., 1a taste, flavor, savor; 1b pleasing flavor, relish.
►ṭaʕmiyyaẗ, n.f., (Eg) a dish made of broad beans pounded to a paste, mixed with garlic, parsley, leeks, etc., and fried as croquettes in boiling oil.
►ṭuʕm, n., 1 graft, cion; 2 bait, lure, decoy; 3 (pl. ṭuʕūm) vaccine | جر ل ǧurʕat al‑ṭuʕm, n.f., oral vaccination (med.).
►ṭaʕim, adj., tasty, savory, delicious.
►ṭuʕmaẗ, pl. ṭuʕam, n.f., 1 food; bait; 2 quarry, catch, bag.
►BP#1051ṭaʕām, pl. ʔaṭʕimaẗ, n., food, nourishment, fare, diet; meal, repast.
►BP#1823maṭʕam, pl. maṭāʕimᵘ, n., 1a eating house, restaurant; 1b dining room; 2 mess, messhall (on a ship): n.loc.; 3 food.
►taṭʕīm, n., 1 inoculation, vaccination; 2 grafting (bot.); 3 rejuvenation, regeneration (by taking in new elements); 4 inlay work: vn. II | لقر taṭʕīm al‑qarniyyaẗ, n., transplantation of the cornea (med.).
►ʔiṭʕām, n., feeding: vn. IV.
►maṭʕūm, adj., 1 tasted; 2 already known: PP I.
 
ṬĠW/Y طغو/ي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 6Apr2023
√ṬĠW/Y 
“root” 
▪ ṬĠW/Y_1 ‘to exceed, be excessive; to be rough, tumultuous, rage (sea); flood, inundation, deluge; tyranny, oppression, repression’ ↗ṭaġā/ṭaġà/ṭaġiya, ‘tyrant, tyrannical’ ↗ṭāġiⁿ
▪ ṬĠW/Y_2 ‘an idol, a false god; seducer, tempter (to error)’ ↗ṭāġūt
▪ ṬĠW/Y_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘(of a liquid) to overflow, transgress, exceed the limits, be excessive, violate established norms, be tyrannical, tyranny’ 
▪ [gnrl][v1] Reliably attested in Aram and Ar, perh. Akk (though not as vb.al root there); from protSem *ṬĠW/Y ‘to exceed, transgress, go astray (?)’
▪ [v2] DRS 10 (2012) #ṬĠW/Y: Ar ṭāġūt (and Gz ṭāʕot) < Aram ṭāʕūtā ‘error, idol’. – BAH2008: »The word ṭāġūt, which is classified under this root, is recognised by al-Suyūṭī as a borrowing from Gz, meaning kāhin (‘diviner, priest’), while the majority of Ar philologists, however, consider it to be a genuine Ar word. Western scholars generally regard it as a loan from either Hbr or Aram.«
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▪ [gnrl] DRS 10 (2012) #ṬĠW/Y: Akk ṭāt ‘don pour corrompre, pot-de-vin’, Hbr hiṭʕāʰ ‘égarer’, nHbr ṭāʕūt, JudPalAram ṭāʕūtā ‘erreur, idole’, Palm ṭʕy ‘commettre une erreur’, ṭʕwn ‘erreur’, Syr ṭᵊʕā ‘se tromper, oublier, être séduit’, ʔaṭʕī ‘séduire, corrompre’, Mnd aṭa ‘séduire’, Ar ṭaġā ‘sortir des bornes, déborder; bouillonner (sang, mer)’, ṭāġiⁿ ‘qui sort des bornes; injuste, orgueilleux’; ṭāġūt ‘idole; démon; sorcier, magicien’, Gz ṭāʕot, Tña ṭaʕot, Te Amh ṭaʔot ‘idole’. | Le radical présente en Hbr une forme parallèle TʕW/Y. – D’après Wagner 61, Hbr < Aram.
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▪ [gnrl] DRS 10 (2012) #ṬĠW/Y: Le radical présente en Hbr une forme parallèle TʕW/Y. – D’après Wagner 61, Hbr < Aram.
▪ See also above, section CONC. 
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