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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic

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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ḥayzabūn حَيْزَبُون 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZB 
n.f. 
old hag – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Etymology obscure. A relation to ↗ḥizb ‘group, party’ seems rather unlikely. 
▪ … 
DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-5 Ar ḥizbāʔ ‘terrain raboteux’; ḥazābin ‘épais, rude, courtaud, massif’, ḥayzabūn ‘vieille femme (rusée, mauvaise)’.
▪ Cf. perhaps also DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-1 Ar ḥazaba ‘advenir, survenir, atteindre qn. soudainement’, ḥazb ‘difficultés’; ? Mhr ḥəzūb ‘être vigilant, prêt à agir’. 
▪ Etymology obscure.
DRS 9 (2010) suggests to put ḥayzabūn together with other items, now obsolete, like ḥizbāʔ ‘rocky hill, rugged ground’ (ḤZB_4 in ↗ḤZB), ḥazābin ‘thick, coarse, rude, bulky and short’ (ḤZB_5), and ḥinzāb ‘dto. (as ḥazābin); wild carrot; cock’. The common denominator here would be the coarseness, rudeness, compactness. The authors of DRS also mention the possibility that this complex “perhaps” should can be connected with ↗ḥazaba ‘to befall, happen, occur’ (ḤZB_1 in ↗ḤZB), »comme les aspérités et surprises de la vie et du chemin« (like the unevenness and asperity of a path or the surprises of life). 
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For other items of the root cf. ↗ḥazaba, ↗ḥizb and (for the general picture) ↗ḤZB. 
ḤZN حزن 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZN 
“root” 
▪ ḤZN_1 ʻsadness, to be sad, to grieve, mourn’ ↗ḥazina
▪ ḤZN_2 ʻrough, rugged, hard ground’ ↗ḥazn

Other values, now obsolete, include

ḤZN_3 ʻcharge of a household, family’: ḥuzānaẗ
ḤZN_4 ʻ(a certain right Arabs enjoyed over foreigners in whose territory they arrived)’: ḥuzānaẗ

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘rocks, boulders, rocky hard-going terrain; to cause hardship, to distress; to afflict; to become sad, to grieve, sadness; responsibility’ 
▪ [v1]–[v3] : Any relation between these values? Some ClassAr lexicographers explain [v1] ḥuzn ‘sadness’ as *‘roughness in the spirit, occasioned by grief’ (Lane ii 1865) – as if [v2] ‘roughness’ was the basic value… In a similar way, some relate [v3] ʻcharge of a household, family’ to [v1], explaining it as ʻa man’s family or household for whose case he suffers grief and anxiety’.
[v4] : For the same ḥuzānaẗ that can mean [v3] ʻcharge of a household, family’, Lane also reports the value ʻa prior right which the Arabs enjoy over the foreigners, on their first arrival [in the territory of the latter], with respect to the houses and lands; or a condition which the Arabs used to impose upon the foreigners in Khurāsān, when they took a town, or district, pacifically, that when the soldiery [of the former] passed by them, singly or in companies, they should lodge them, and entertain them, and supply them with provisions for their march to another district’. The value seems to be basically identical with [v3], as it means a kind of caring for people living under one’s roof, be they family [v3] or invaders/conquerors [v4].
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DRS 9 (2010) #ḤZN-1 Ar ḥazina, Mhr ḥzūn, Jib aḥzín, Ḥrs ḥayzen, ḥezōn, Soq ḥázon, Gz ḥazana, ḥazna, ḫazana ‘être triste, être en deuil’, Te ḥazna, Tña ḥazänä, ḫazänä, Arg hazzänä, Amh azzänä, Gur azänä ‘être triste’, Har ḥuzni ‘tristesse’, ? Sab hḥzn ‘abîmer, endommager’. -2 Ar ḥazn ‘terrain dur, raboteux’, ḥuznaẗ ‘montagne escarpée’.
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▪ The root is prob. too sparsely attested as to allow for reconstructions of hypothetical predecessors or speculations about a primary value. Both ʻsadness, grief’ and ʻrough, difficult ground’ could be plausible. The more “natural” development would seem to be one of metaphoral extension, from the physical hardship of a ʻrough, difficult ground’ to the mental\psychological hardship of ʻsadness, grief’. But the latter is much more widespread and found in modSAr as well as EthSem, while ʻrough, difficult ground’ is not attested anywhere else but in Ar.
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