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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ʔuḏn أُذُن/أُذْن , var. ʔuḏun , pl. ʔāḏān 
ID 016 • Sw 39/35 • BP 1853 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔḎN 
n. 
1 ear. – 2 handle (of a cup) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Kogan2015 (Sw#21): from protSem *ʔuḏn‑ ‘ear’ (SED I #4) (perh. < AfrAs *ʔudun-/*ʔuз̆un‑ ‘ear’).
▪ v2 ‘handle (of a cup)’ is metaphorical use (the ‘ear’ of a cup).
▪ From ‘ear’ are also the vb.s ‘to hear’ (I) and ‘to announce, inform; to crow (rooster)’ (II, *‘to make o.s. heard’) as well as, with the advent of Islam, the ‘call for prayer’.
▪ Most probably, also the notion of ‘to allow, give permission’ is derived from here, cf. ↗ʔiḏn (and derivatives). 
▪ … 
▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘ear’) Akk uznu, Hbr ʔózen, Syr ʔuḏnā, Gz ʔezn.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#126: Akk ʔuzn‑ , Ug ʔudn, Hbr ʔōzen, Aram ʔudnā, Syr ʔednō, SAr ʔḏn, Gz ʔǝzn, Te ʔǝzn, Tña ʔǝzni ‘ear’. – Outside Sem: Eg i͗dn ‘ear’, ECh forms like ʔuduŋe or uduŋi ‘ear’. 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#126: < Sem *ʔuḏn‑ ‘ear’ < AfrAs *ʔudun-/*ʔuз̆un‑ ‘ear’. – Eg i͗dn with i͗ palatalized from *3‑ under the influence of AfrAs *u; ECh forms < ECh *ʔudun-H‑. 
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► ʔaḏina, a, vb. I, to listen; to hear, learn, be informed: denominative. – For other values cf. ʔiḏn.
► ʔaḏḏana, vb. II, to call, esp. to call to prayer; to crow (rooster):.
► ʔāḏana, vb. IV, to announce, make known, inform, notify; to call to prayer; to call upon s.o., urge, admonish, exhort to do s.th.; to herald; to foreshadow; to be on the verge (of doing s.th.): caus. of I.
► taʔaḏḏana, vb. V, to herald, announce:.

► C BP#4457ʔaḏān, n., call to prayer:.
► ʔuḏayn, n., auricle (anat.): dimin.
► ʔuḏaynaẗ, n.f., little ear; ear lobe: dimin.f.
► maʔḏanaẗ, var. miʔḏanaẗ, pl. maʔāḏinᵘ minaret: n.loc. of ↗ʔaḏān.
► ʔīḏān, n., declaration, proclamation, announcement; advance notice; imminence, threat, menace: vn. IV.
► muʔaḏḏin, n., muezzin, announcer of the hour of prayer: PA II, from vb. II, from ↗ʔaḏān.

► For other values of ʔḎN ↗ʔiḏn. 

ʔḎY أذي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔḎY 
“root” 
▪ ʔḎY_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔḎY_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔḎY_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘harm, injury, damage; to wrong, harm; high tumultuous waves’ 
▪ … 
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ʔRB أرب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7Mar2023
√ʔRB 
“root” 
▪ ʔRB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔRB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʔRB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘power, purpose, need; knot; intelligent, resourceful, able and fit’ 
▪ … 
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ʔRḪ أرخ 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔRḪ 
“root” 
▪ ʔRḪ_1 ‘date; history’ ↗ʔarraḫa, ↗tārīḫ
▪ ʔRḪ_2 ‘young bull’: †ʔirḫ
▪ ʔRḪ_3 ‘…’ ↗… 
Of the five values listed for Sem √ʔRḪ in DRS, only one (‘date; history’) is realized in MSA. An earlier one (‘young bull’) is now obsolete. 
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DRS 1 (1994)#ʔRḪ–1: Sem *ʔurḫ ‘voie, chemin’ > Akk ʔarḫ‑ , ʔurḫ‑ , Hbr ʔōraḥ, oAram ʔrḥʔ, EmpAram Palm ʔrḥ, JP ʔorḥā, Syr ʔawrḥā, Mand ʕwḥrʔ, nAram ʔurḥ; Akk arāḫu ‘se presser, se hâter’, erēḥu ‘s’avancer aggressivement’, Hbr ʔāraḥ ‘cheminer’, ʔorḥā ‘caravane’, Soq ʔeraḥ ‘venir, arriver’.
#ʔRḪ–2: SAr ʔrḫ ‘déterminer; être déterminé, prescrit (affaire)’, Ar ʔarraḫa ‘dater, mettre la date’, taʔrīḫ ‘date’, SAr ʔrḫn ‘temps déterminé, ère, époque’.
#ʔRḪ–3: Akk arāḫu ‘consommer, anéantir’, yārāḫ‑ ‘portion de céréal’, Hbr ʔᵃruḥā ‘portion journalière, ration’
#ʔRḪ–4: Akk arḫ‑ ‘taureau’, Ug ʔarḫ ‘vache’, ʔurḫ, Ar ʔirḫ ‘taurillon’, Te Tña ʔarḥi ‘vache qui n’a pas encore vêlé’
#ʔRḪ–5: Akk arḫ‑ , Syr ʔarḥā ‘demi-tuile’. 
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