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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḫalīǧ خَليج, pl. ḫuluǧ, ḫulǧān 
ID … • Sw – • BP 993 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪLǦ 
n. 
bay, gulf; canal – WehrCowan1979. 
Etymology still rather unclear, due to lack of Sem cognates and semantic variation within Ar ↗ḪLǦ. Nişanyan makes ḫalīǧ dependent on ḫaliǧa ‘to writhe (with pain, etc.)’ (ḪLǦ_1) while ClassAr lexicographers put it to ḫalaǧa ‘to drag, pull out, separate’ (ḪLǦ_2) and DRS hesitates to assign it to either of the two, preferring to list it as a value in its own right (ḪLǦ_3). In the first case, ḫalīǧ would be *‘the curved one’, likened to a person writhing from pain; in the second, the bay or gulf would be regarded as s.th. *‘diverted, branching off’; and in the third, it would remain without etymology.
 
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▪ No direct cognates in Sem. – For items that may be cognates if the word is based on either ḪLǦ_1 or ḪLǦ_2, or both, see “root” entry ↗ḪLǦ.
 
Morphologically, a derivation from ḪLǦ_1 or ḪLǦ_2 does not seem impossible. The pattern FaʕīL, a quasi-PP, can have the function of a PP (as in *‘the diverted one’) or express the intense presence of a quality in s.th. (as in *‘the curved one’).
 
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► al- Ḫalīǧ, n.topogr., name of Cairo’s ancient city canal which was abandoned and leveled at the end of the 19th century
► al- Ḫalīǧ al- fārisī, n.topogr., the Persian Gulf
BP#1371 ḫalīǧī, adj., of the Persian Gulf: nisba formation.
 
ḪLD خلد 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Mar2023
√ḪLD 
“root” 
▪ ḪLD_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḪLD_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ḪLD_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘mountains, rocks; to remain put for a long time, be forever, be eternal, eternity, to grow old without showing physical signs of old age; to be well contented, to like s.o. or some place; to wear some kind of trinkets; mind; heart; spirit; a mole-like animal’ 
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ḪLṢ خلص 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪLṢ 
“root” 
▪ ḪLṢ_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ḪLṢ_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘purity, to be unblemished, to purify, to extricate, to extract, to select above others, to befriend; to bring to safety, to reach safety; to arrive, to join s.o., to be alone with; to be sincere’ 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012) #ḪLṢ-1 Akk ḫalāṣu ‘enlever avec le peigne, filtrer, presser, exprimer’, Ug ḫlṣ ‘presser (?)’; Hbr ḫālaṣ ‘enlever, retirer’, JP hᵃlaš, ḥᵃlaṣ, ChrPal ḫlṣ ‘dépouiller’. -2 Ar ḫalaṣa ‘être pur, être sans mélange, agir sincèrement avec qn’, ḫilṣ ‘ami sincère’, ḫallaṣ ‘payer, acquitter une dette’, Ḥrs ḫalleṣ ‘finir’. -3 Hbr ḥālaṣ ‘se dérober, se retirer’, ḥilles ‘sauver, délivrer’, Phoen ḥlṣ, JP ḥᵃlaṣ ‘se sauver, se retirer’, Ar ḫalaṣa ‘se sauver, être sauvé, libéré; ‘être terminé’, ThamAr ḫlṣ ‘salut’. -4 Akk ḫalṣ ‘forteresse; district’; Hbr ḥālūṣ ‘préparé (en particulier pour la guerre)’, nHbr ḥilleṣ ‘ceindre, fortifier, armer’. -5 oHar atḫēlālaṣa ‘récompenser (?)’.
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