Bibliotheca Polyglotta

raʕà / raʕay‑ رَعَى / رَعَيْـ , ī

ID … • Sw – • BP 3051 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√RʕY

vb., I

to protect; to sponsor – WehrCowan1976.

▪ …

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘to let graze, pasture (tr.)’) Akk irʔī, Hbr rāʕā (ē), Syr rʕā (ē), Gz réʕya (ipfv yérʕay).
▪ Fronzaroli #6.44: Akk reʔū ‘to guard the flock’, Ug rʕy ‘shepherd’, Hbr rāʕā, Syr rᵉʕā, Gz réʕeya ‘to tend (a flock on the pasture)’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2115: Akk reʔū, Ug rʕy, Gz rʕy, Ḥrṣ Mhr rō, Soq reʕe ‘to herd’, Hbr rʕy, SAr rʕy ‘to graze’.

▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#2115: protSem *r˅ʕay‑ ‘to graze’, based on protSem *r˅ʕ‑. Together with protLEC *ʔa‑riʔ‑ ‘to chase’ from AfrAs *riʕ‑ ‘to drive, chase’.

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► ^BP#3778rāʕà, vb. III, to heed, observe; to respect s.th.: L‑stem, associative.
► ^BP#1041riʕāyaẗ, n.f., custody; patronage; (social) welfare: vn. I.
► ^BP#3011murāʕāẗ, n.f., deference, respect; compliance: vn. III.
► ^BP#3229rāʕⁱⁿ, def. al‑rāʕī, n., guardian; patron, sponsor; steward: PA I

RĠB رغب

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RĠB

“root”

▪ RĠB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘desire, wish, to ask for s.th., to covet, a request; gluttony, a heavy load; a soft load’.

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RĠD رغد

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RĠD

“root”

▪ RĠD_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠD_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠD_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘meadow, garden; easy living, affluence, to live in comfort, be pleasant and carefree (of living); to be weak, be strained’

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RĠM رغم

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RĠM

“root”

▪ RĠM_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠM_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RĠM_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘nose, pride; to be angry, reject, dispute, aversion; to compel, compulsion; dust, soil; humiliation; escape, refuge, places of refuge’

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RFT رفت

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RFT

“root”

▪ RFT_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFT_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFT_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘remnants, rejects, to break into small pieces, disintegrate, human remains, to decay, small pieces, dry broken grass’

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RFṮ رفث

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RFṮ

“root”

▪ RFṮ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFṮ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFṮ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘obscenity, indecency, indecent action or speech, to behave in an obscene manner, sexual intercourse’

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RFD رفد

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RFD

“root”

▪ RFD_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFD_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFD_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘augmentation, addition; help, support, assistance; to deputise, a king’s deputy; to choose as a leader; share, portion, tributary’

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RFRF رفرف

ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 20Mar2023

√RFRF

“root”

▪ RFRF_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFRF_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFRF_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to flutter, flap wings, shiver; flaps, frills, sheer material; tent, the flaps of a tent, pillows, carpets, fine furnishings; to glitter; to favour with gifts, provisions, a flock of sheep’

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RFʕ رفع

√RFʕ

“root”

▪ RFʕ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFʕ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFʕ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to raise, lift up, hoist, elevate, erect; to submit; to rise; to glorify, exalt, honour; to eliminate, remove; to cease, dry up’

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RFQ رفق

√RFQ

“root”

▪ RFQ_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFQ_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ RFQ_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘elbow, to lean on, seek support, support o.s.; companion, husband, wife, to accompany; utilities, victuals; kind, to be kind, be gentle and compassionate’

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RQː (RQQ) رقّ/رقق

√ RQː (RQQ)

“root”

▪ RQː (RQQ)_1 ‘to be(come) thin, delicate, fine, tender, soft; to have pity, feel compassion’ ↗raqqa; ‘flat bread; waffles’ ↗ruqāq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_2 ‘turtle’ ↗¹raqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_3 ‘parchment’ ↗²raqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_4 ‘Rakkah (city in N Syria)’ ↗al-Raqqaẗ
▪ RQː (RQQ)_5 ‘slavery, bondage’ ↗¹riqq
▪ RQː (RQQ)_6 ‘tambourine’ ↗(EgAr) ²riqq

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†RQː (RQQ)_7 ‘hot (day); desert’: ^†raqāq
▪ ^†RQː (RQQ)_ ‘...’: ^†...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘ownership, slavery; parchment, scroll, written record; thin, to thin out, be sheer, become tattered; to be weak, be tender; to be clear, glimmer’

▪ [gnrl] : With the exception of [v2] ‘turtle’ (and perh. ^†[v7] ‘hot (day); desert’), all other values attached to √RQː (RQQ) seem to go back to the one basic notion of [v1] *‘thinness, softness’. ▪ [v1] : from protSem *RQQ ‘(to be/become) thin, fine, soft, tender’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ [v2] : MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #190 reconstruct Sem *raḳḳ‑ ‘turtle’
▪ [v3] : According to Jeffery1938 a borrowing from Gz raqq ‘parchment’, thus via Gz ultimately from the same origin as [v1] (parchment seen as the *‘thin material’).
▪ [v4] : The city name al-Raqqaẗ is from †raqqaẗ (pl. riqāq) ‘land regularly flooded by a river’,¹ obviously on account of its marshy surroundings; cf. also †ruqāq ‘shallow water, low sea’. The term is akin to [v1] *‘thinness, softness’ (sc. of the flooded land).
▪ [v5] : Accord. to Ar lexicographers, one of the terms for ‘slaves’, raqīq, is based on riqqaẗ in the (now obsol.) sense of ‘abjectness, meanness, paltriness, contemptibleness’ (Lane iii 1867, quoting from Tāǧ al-ʕArūs), thus based on [v1], with a development *‘thin > weak > mean, contemptible’.
▪ [v6] : In EgAr, the ‘tambourine’ is called ²riqq, obviously due to the instrument’s covering with a thin, parchment-like membrane.
▪ ^†[v7] : prob. akin to [v1], but the exact nature of the relation remains obscure.
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1. Lane iii 1867: ‘any land by the side of a valley, over which the water spreads in the days of the increase, and into which it then sinks, or disappears, and which therefore produces good herbage’.

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▪ [v1] BDB1906, Leslau2006 (CDG), Tropper2008: Akk raqāqu ‘to be thin’, Ug rq /raqqu/ ‘thin, fine’ (Tropper), ‘thin cake’ (Leslau), Hbr raq ‘thin’, Syr raqqᵊq (D) ‘to make thin’, Gz raqqa, raqaqa ‘to be subtle, soft, thin, slight’, raqīq ‘soft, subtle, minute, thin, slender, slight, immaterial’, Te räqqa, Tña räqäqä, Amh räqqäqä ‘to be thin, delicate’, Ar raqqa ‘to be thin; (fig.) to be weak, slender, scanty, etc.’, DaṯAr raqraqa ‘to render thin’.
▪ [v2] MilitarevKogan2005 (SED II) #190: Akk (from oBab onwards) raḳḳu (f.pl. ruḳḳētu), Syr raqqā, Mnd riqa, ‘turtle’, Ar raqq ‘grande tortue; espèce d’amphibie resemblant au crocodile’ (BK1860)
▪ [v3] (inner-Sem borrowing) via Gz akin to ↗[v1].
▪ [v4] : ↗[v1]
▪ [v5] : ↗[v1]
▪ [v6] : ↗[v1]
▪ ^†[v7] : ↗[v1] ?
▪ ...

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

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