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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʕifrīt عِفْريت , pl. ʕafārītᵘ 
ID 599 • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʕFRT 
n. 
1a malicious, mischievous; b sly, cunning, crafty, wily; 2 afreet, demon, imp, devil; 3 (EgAr) naughty child – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Cheung2017rev: ultimately of Ir origin, but prob. borrowed indirectly, via JudBabAram ? < (learned) mPers/Parth *āfrīt < Av āfriti ‘spirit, force of benediction’. For details, see below, section DISC.
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▪ eC7 (a member of the jinn, genie, powerful, so called because, as it is said, he knocks down his adversaries and rolls them in the dust, ↗ʕafar) Q 27:39 qāla ʕifrītun min-a ’l-ǧinni ‘a powerful genie from among the jinn said’. 
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▪ Jeffery1938: »The philologers would derive it from √ʕFR ‘to rub with dust’, and tell us that the word is applied to Jinn or to men as meaning one who rolls his adversary in the dust (cf. LA, vi, 263). That the philologers had difficulty with it is evident from the number of possible forms given by Ibn Khalawaih, 109. – Grimme, ZA, xxvi, 1G7, 168, suggests that the word was formed under SAr influence, but there seems nothing in this, and Barth, ZDMG, xlviii, 17, would take it as a genuine Ar word.1 Hess, ZS, ii, 220, and Vollers, ZDMG, 1, 646, however, have shown that it is Pers, derived from Phlv āfrītan 2 (cf. Av āfrīnāṭ 3 ), which in modPers is āfrīd, the participle from āfrīdan ‘to create’, Paz āfrīdan, Phlv ???? (Shikand, Glossary, 226), and used like the Ar maḫlūq [↗ḫalaqa ] for ‘creature’.«
▪ EALL : from mPers afrīt ‘creature’ (Asbaghi, »Persian Loanwords«). 
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► taʕafrata, vb. II, to behave like a demon or devil: denominative.
► ʕifrītī, adj., devilish: nsb-adj.
► ʕafrītaẗ, n.f., (Eg.) lifting jack; overall:.
► ʕafrataẗ, n.f., devilry; dirty trick: vn. I. 
ʕFW عفو 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 1Mar2023
√ʕFW 
“root” 
▪ ʕFW_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕFW_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ ʕFW_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wasteland, dust, to grow wildly, (of camels) to grow thick hair; to forgo, let go, relieve, forgive; to achieve without toil; to be in good health, multiply in number; to seek one’s livelihood’ 
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ʕQB عقب 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʕQB 
“root” 
▪ ʕQB_1 ‘heel’ ↗…
▪ ʕQB_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘heels, to arrive at the heel of, to follow, pursue, investigate; eagle; to turn back; to repair; result; to avenge o.s.; to punish; to interlace; obstacle; to detain’ 
▪ [v1] Kogan2011: from protSem *ʕaḳib‑ ‘heel’. – See also the special designation ↗ʕurqūb (< protWSem *ʕarḳ˅b‑) ‘Achilles’ tendon’.
▪ Huehnergard2011: WSem *√ʕQB ‘to follow, guard, protect’. 
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl jack, jacket, Jacob, Jacobin, Jacquerie, James, from Hbr yaʕăqōb ‘(God) has protected’, from early NWSem *yaʕqub, pret. of *ʕaqaba ‘to follow, guard’. 
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