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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ṭarḫūn طَرْخُون 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ṬRḪ, ṬRḪN 
n. 
tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus; bot.) – WehrCowan1979. 
Probably from Grk drákōn ‘dragon’ (though with unclear semantics—perhaps lit. ‘dragon wort’, because of the leaves that are spotted like a dragon’s skin, or because, allegedly, it protected from a dragon’s dangerous glance?). The Ar word seems to have been the origin of the European words for ‘tarragon’. The herb probably came to Europe during the time of the Crusades; it was unknown in European antiquity. 
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▪ Lokotsch1927, Kluge2002, Rolland2014a: probably via Grk drakóntion ‘dragonwort’ from Grk drákōn ‘dragon’, from vb. dérkesthai ‘to stare at, look, gaze at’, IE *derk- ‘to look, see’. Cf. below Engl Fr dragon .
▪ Asbaghi1988 holds that ṭarḫūn (and var. tarḫān, tarḫūn) is the mPers tarak ‘(kind of) vegetable (dracunculus, dragon wort, tarragon)’. – Little probable (how to explain final -ūn ?)
▪ Another Pers etymology is mentioned in en.wiki (as of 20Sept2015), without however giving any sources: from Pers tare ‘chives’ + suffix -gūn ‘like’. Even less probable than the preceding—there is no Pers tare-gūn for ‘tarragon’, and why should Arabs create a Pers word with a Pers suffix? 
▪ According to one group of sources (Lokotsch1927, Kluge2002), Ar ṭarḫūn is the origin, via ByzGrk tarkhon > mLat tragonia, of most European words for ‘tarragon’, like It targone, mFr targon, Fr targon, estragon (with unetymological prefix), Prov draguneto, estargon, Span taragona, taracontea, Port estragão, Rum tarhon; Engl dragoon, tarragon, Ge Dragun, Esdragon (< Fr); Ru dragun, estragon, Bulg estragon, Chech dragón, estragon, Pol estragon, draganek. – According to Kluge2002, older Ge forms like Dragon, dial. Drachant, Trachant, are from lLat and Romance adaptations of the Grk word. – In any case, following this theory, ṭarḫūn ‘tarragon’ is akin to Engl dragon and its Eur equivalents (Fr dragon, Ge Drache(n), mHGe tracke, trache, drache, dracke, oHGe trahho), which go back to Lat draco (gen. -ōnis) ‘huge serpent, dragon’, from Grk drákōn ‘dragon, serpent, giant seafish’, apparently from Grk drak-, strong aorist stem of dérkesthai ‘to see clearly’, from IE *derk- ‘to see’. Perhaps the literal sense is ‘the one with the (deadly) glance’ –EtymOnline. 
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ṬRD طرد 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ṬRD 
“root” 
▪ ṬRD_1 ‘to drive away, chase away’ ↗ṭarada
▪ ṬRD_2 ‘to procede, continue, progress’ ↗ṭarada X: ĭstaṭrada
▪ ṬRD_3 ‘swarm (of bees)’ ↗ṭard, ↗ṭarada
▪ ṬRD_4 ‘parcel, package’ ↗ṭard, ↗ṭarada

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘[ṬRD_1] ‘fugitive, outcast, chased game; to banish, expel, drive away’ 
DRS distinguishes 2 values (probably on account of Akk ṭarādu ‘to name, call’). In Ar, however, all values can easily be seen as derivations from one basic meaning, namely ‘to drive away, chase away’. 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ṬRD-1 Akk ṭarādu ‘envoyer, chasser, expédier’, Ug ṭrd ‘chasser’, Hbr ṭārad, BiblSyr ṭᵉrad, Mand ṭrd, Ar ṭarada, Saf ṭrd, Sab ṭrd, Mhr tərūd, Jib ṭerod, Soq ṭeyred ‘envoyer, expédier, chasser, mener le bétail, poursuivre’, Ar ṭard ‘paquet, colis postal’. – Akk ṭarīd- ‘déplacé, expulsé’, ḎatAr ṭarad ‘courir après quelqu’un pour le rejoindre’, ṭārad ‘attaquer’, muṭrad ‘poursuite’; Sab mṭrd ‘chasse rituelle’, Soq miṭrid ‘fugitif’. -2 Akk ṭarādu ‘nommer, appeler’. Hbr ṭōrēd ‘qui pleut continuellement’, Ar ĭṭṭarada ‘être continu, couler sans arrêt’; YemAr ṭarūd ‘long passage bordé de pierres, etc.’. 
▪ According to Ehret1989, ṬRD is an extension in durative *-d from a 2-consonantal pre-protoSem base *ṬR- with the basic meaning ‘to send’. Other extensions from the same base: †ṭarra ‘to urge on violently, drive together in one place, (Hava1899:) to collect and drive (cattle)’ (cf. ↗ṬRː(ṬRR) ); ↗ṭaraʔa ‘to fall upon unexpectedly, happen, occur’: †ṭaraba ‘to wander (from the road)’ (cf. ↗ṬRB); ↗ṭaraḥa ‘to remove, turn from, avert, throw far away, (Hava1899:) ‘to fling, cast away s.th.’; ↗ṭarada ‘to push away, drive away, repel, expel, pursue, chase, drive together, (Hava1899:) to persecute, drive back etc.; to collect (scattered flocks)’; †ṭarafa ‘to turn off, repel’ (cf. ↗ṬRF).
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