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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ẓufr ظُفْر , var. ẓufur, ẓifr, pl. ʔaẓfār, ʔaẓāfirᵘ, ʔaẓāfīrᵘ 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ẒFR 
n. 
1a nail, fingernail; 1b toenail; 1c claw, talon – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ (Kogan2015 Sw#13:) from protSem *ṯ̣ipr‑ ‘claw’ (SED I #285). Passim throughout Sem.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#513: from protSem *ṯ̣upr‑ < AfrAs *č̣upar‑ ‘fingernail’, phonetically close to AfrAs *c̣ib˅ʕ ‘finger’ (> Ar ↗ʔiṣbaʕ).
▪ Any connection to ↗√ẒFR ‘to be victorious, triumphant’?
 
▪ … 
▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘fingernail, toe nail’) Akk ṣupru, Hbr (ṣippóren), Syr ṭep̄rā, Gz ṣefr.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#513: Akk ṣupru, Hbr ṣipporen, PalAram ṭuprā, Ar ẓufr, Gz ṣǝfr, Te ṣǝfǝr, Tña ṣǝfri, Amh ṭǝfǝr, Gaf ṣǝfra, Arg č̣uffǝr, Gur ṭǝfǝr, Soq ṭifǝr, Mhr ṭayfer, Šḥr ẓefer, Jib ẓifɛr ‘fingernail’. – Outside Sem cognates in Agaw, HEC, Omot, Rift (see DISC below).
▪ Is ↗√ẒFR ‘to be victorious, triumphant’ cognate?
 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#513: protSem *ṯ̣upr‑ ‘fingernail’, protAgaw *c̣ifar ‘finger’, protHEC *ʒurup‑ ‘finger’ (unexpected *ʒ‑), protOmot *ǯafar‑ ‘finger’ (which may be a common HEC‑Omot innovation or a loan), protRift *č̣araf‑ ‘fingernail’, all from an hypothetical AfrAs *č̣upar‑ ‘fingernail’. According to the authors, the word is phonetically close to AfrAs *c̣ib˅ʕ ‘finger’ (> Ar↗ʔiṣbaʕ).
▪ Any connection to ↗ẓafira ‘to be victorious, triumphant’ ?
 
… 
►min/munḏu nuʕūmaẗ ʔaẓfārih, adv.expr., from (the days of) his earliest youth
►nāʕim al‑ẓufr, adj., youthful, of tender age
►ḤiǧAr ẓafir, pl. ẓufrān, n., young man, youth

 For other items formed from the root, cf. ↗ẓafira and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ẒFR
 
ẒLː (ẒLL) ظلّ / ظلل 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ẒLː (ẒLL) 
“root” 
▪ ẒLː (ẒLL)_1 ‘shadow’ ↗ẓill
▪ ẒLː (ẒLL)_2 ‘to remain’ ↗ẓalla
▪ ẒLː (ẒLL)_3 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘shadow, shade, parasol; shelter, protection, patronage; to seek the shade; to seek protection; to continue doing s.th. by day, to remain’ 
▪ Any relation betw. ẒLː (ẒLL)_1 and ẒLː (ẒLL)_2? The latter seems to be a value peculiar to Ar.
▪ ẒLː (ẒLL)_1 : from protSem *ṯ̣ilal‑ (Kogan2011) or *ṯ̣il(l)‑ (Militarev2006) ‘shadow’ < AfrAs *č̣al-/*č̣il- (Militarev&Stolbova2007) < perh. from Nostr *č̣˹o˺l˻w˼˅ ‘shadow, shade, dark’ (Dolgopolsky2012).
▪ ẒLː (ẒLL)_2 : ?
 
▪ … 
▪ DRS 10 (2012) #Ṯ̣LL-1 Akk ṣillu, Ug ṯ̣l ‘ombre’, mẓll ‘abri, maison’, Hbr ṣēl, JudPal ṭᵊlālā, Syr ṭillālā, nSyr ṭellā, Mnd ṭwlʔ, Palm ṭll ‘couvrir d’un toit’, Ar ẓill ‘ombre’, Ṣaf mẓll ‘couvert d’ombre, accablé’, MġrAr mẓalla ‘parasol, ombrelle’; Sab ṯ̣ll, mṯ̣lln, mṯ̣lt, mhṯ̣ll: sorte de structure couverte, tombeau (?)’, hθṯ̣l ‘construire une structure couverte’, Mhr aẓlēl, Jib ẓell ‘faire de l’ombre’, Mhr məẓallət, Jib ẓallät ‘ombrelle’, Gz ṣalala, ṣallala ‘ombrager, couvrir, cacher’, ṣəlālot ‘ombre, obscurité, protection’, Te ʔaṣläla ‘faire de l’ombre’, ṣəlal ‘ombre, obscurité’, Tña ʔaṣlälä ‘s’abriter’, ʔanṣälaläwä ‘faire de l’ombre’, ṣəlal(ot) ‘ombre’, Amh tällälä ‘faire de l’ombre’, Amh Arg ṭəla ‘ombre’, Gaf č̣əlayä, Har č̣āya, Gur ṭəlal, č̣al ‘ombre’, aṭṭillälä ‘séparer par un rideau’. -2 Ar ẓalla ‘être dans la journée; persister à, continuer à, devenir’, ḤassAr ẓall ‘passer la journée’, MġrAr ẓall ‘faire une chose sans cesse, ne cesser de’. -3 ẓelāl ‘coussinet placé sur le bât’. – Outside Sem (perh. < Sem?): Sa ṣalat, Bilin č̣aläla, Or č̣āya ‘ombre’.
▪ For further cognates (outside Sem) cf. individual entries. 
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