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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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laḥin لَحِن 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√LḤN 
adj. 
intelligent, understanding, sensible – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ √LḤN seems to be an exclusively Ar root, not attested elsewhere in Sem nor outside of it.
▪ The basic meaning of Ar √LḤN is probably *‘to deviate (from the normal), modulate, modify’ (for Fück1950 this is secondary from a primary value ‘to incline, lean towards’). From ‘deviation’, Fück derives the adj. laḥin in the sense of *‘flexible, mobile, agile’, hence ‘clever, intelligent, perspicacious’ and the n. †laḥan ‘cleverness, comprehension, perspicacity’.
▪ Is Fück right? In my [SG] view, the semantic shift he assumes—from ‘deviation’ to *‘flexibility, mobility’—is not very convincing. But unless we assign the current value to another, homonymous root there are by now no better suggestions. 
▪ WKAS has laḥina a (laḥan) ‘to be clever, intelligent, perspicacious; †to learn, grasp, understand (s.th., ʕan from s.o.); lāḥana, vb. III, ‘to outdo, excel in cleverness, astuteness’; †laḥan, n., ‘cleverness, comprehension, perspicacity’, laḥin and lāḥin, adj., ‘clever, intelligent, perspicacious’ 
▪ Probably without cognates. According to Tropper2008, the meaning of Ug lḥn is uncertain (either ‘to be understanding, intelligent’ or ‘to be closely related to s.o.’, cf. Ar laḥḥ ‘close relationship’). 
▪ See above, section CONC. 
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► laḥina, a (laḥan), to be intelligent: denom.?

For other values attached to the same root, cf. ↗laḥana, ↗laḥn, and, for the whole picture, ↗LḤN. 
LḤW/Y لحو/ي 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7May2023
√LḤW/Y 
“root” 
▪ LḤW/Y_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LḤW/Y_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LḤW/Y_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘tree bark; to peel off; to insult, rebuke; beard, the area where a beard grows’ 
▪ … 
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LDː (LDD) لدّ/لدد 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 7May2023
√ LDː (LDD) 
“root” 
▪ LDː (LDD)_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LDː (LDD)_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LDː (LDD)_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘the two sides of a valley; to look about in confusion, be perplexed; to be fierce; to be grim; to be stubborn; to be quarrelsome, be contentious, defend; mortal enemy’ 
▪ … 
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LDN لدن 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LDN 
“root” 
▪ LDN_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LDN_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LDN_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to be soft, be pliant; to ponder, tarry, to stay; point in time; location’ 
▪ From protSem *ladan‑ ‘labdanum’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ …
 
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LḎː (LḎḎ) لذّ/لذذ 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√ LḎː (LḎḎ) 
“root” 
▪ LḎː (LḎḎ)_1 ‘to be delicious’ ↗laḏḏa
▪ LḎː (LḎḎ)_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LḎː (LḎḎ)_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘pleasure, sweetness, to be delicious, enjoy; speed, to be nimble’ 
▪ … 
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LZB لزب 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 9May2023
√LZB 
“root” 
▪ LZB_1 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LZB_2 ‘...’ ↗...
▪ LZB_3 ‘...’ ↗...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to be narrow; to be scanty, famine, hardship; to adhere, stick together; to sting’ 
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LZM لزم 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√LZM 
“root” 
▪ LZM_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ LZM_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to cling, to adhere; to accompany; to persist, to force, to impose as a duty, necessity, obligation, compulsory’ 
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