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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔḪ(W) أخو 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔḪ(W) 
“root” 
▪ ʔḪ(W)_1 ‘…’ ↗…
▪ ʔḪ(W)_2 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘brother, brotherhood; friend, companion; to take as a friend, to fraternise; ties’ 
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ʔaḫ أخ , st.constr. ʔaḫū , pl. ʔiḫwaẗ , ʔiḫwān 
ID 012 • Sw – • BP 66 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔḪ(W) 
n. 
brother; fellow man, neighbor; friend; (pl. ʔiḫwān, specif.) brethren or members of an order; al-ʔiḫwān religious brotherhood of the Wahabi sect, militant in character, established by Ibn Saʕūd – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *ʔaḫ‑ ‘brother’.
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘brother’) Akk aḫu, Hbr ʔāḥ, Syr ʔaḥā, Gz ʔēḫʷ.
▪DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḪ(W)-1: Akk aḫ‑ , Ug ʔaḫ, ʔuḫ, ʔiḫ, Hbr ʔāḥ, Phn Pun ʔḥ, JP ʔᵃḥā, Mand aha, Syr ʔaḥā, Ṣaf Liḥ ʔḫ, SAr ʔḫ, Soq ʔaɛḥat, Mhr ga, Gz ʔəḫəw, ʔəḫw, ʔəḫʷ, Te ḥu ‘brother’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#23: Akk aḫu, Ug ʔaḫ, Phn ʔḥ, Pun ʔḥ, Hbr ʔāḥ, Aram (epigr) ʔḥ Syr ʔaḥā, SAr ʔḫ, Gz ʔǝḫǝw. – Outside Sem: WCh *ʔah(ya)‑ ‘uncle’, ‘brother’, CCh *ʔaγ‑ ‘son’.
▪ Rajki2002: Mal hu, Tig ḥu, […]. – Per aḫ borrowed from Ar. 
▪ Rajki2002: < Sem *ʔ-ḫ.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#23: < Sem *ʔaḫ‑ ‘brother’ < AfrAs *ʔaḫ‑ ‘brother’.
▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḪ(W)-1: »la voyelle de flexion casuelle qui terminait ce mot était primitivement longue; elle s’est abrégée ou même a totalement disparu à l’état absolu, mais elle s’est maintenue, dans la plupart des dialectes, à l’état construit ou devant des suff. pronominaux.« 
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► ʔāḫà, vb. III, to fraternize, associate as brothers (tr.): denominative.
► taʔaḫḫà, vb. V, to act or show o.s. as a brother or friend: denominative.
► taʔāḫà, vb. VI, to fraternize, associate as brothers: denominative, reciprocal.
► BP#226ʔuḫt, pl. ʔaḫawāt, n.f., sister: f. formed from ʔaḫ ?; (gram.) cognate; counterpart | ʔuḫtuhā the other (of two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem. noun):.
► ḫuwayy, n., little brother: dimin.
► ʔaḫawī, adj., brotherly, fraternal: nsb-adj.
► ʔaḫawiyyaẗ, n.f., brotherhood (as a religious association): n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ; hence also the group that is formed in the spirit of brotherliness.
► ʔuḫuwwaẗ, ʔiḫāʔ, n., brotherhood, brotherness, fraternity:. – See also ↗s.v.
► ʔiḫāwaẗ, n.f., fraternization; fraternity, brotherliness:.
► taʔāḫin (def. al-taʔāḫī) fraternization; fraternity, brotherliness: vn. VI. 
ʔuḫt أُخْت , pl. ʔaḫawāt 
ID 013 • Sw – • BP 226 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔḪ(W) 
n.f. 
sister; (gram.) cognate; counterpart | ʔuḫtuhā the other (of two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem. noun) – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *ʔaḫ‑at‑ ‘sister’, f. of *ʔaḫ‑ (Ar ↗ʔaḫ) ‘brother’.
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▪ DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḪ(W)-1: Akk aḫāt‑ , Ug ʔaḫt, Hbr ʔaḥōt, Phn Pun ʔḥt, JP ʔᵃḥātā, Mand ahata, Syr ḥātā, Ṣaf Liḥ ʔḫt, Soq ʔeɛḥet, Mhr gayt, Gz ʔəḫt, Te ḥət, Tña ḥawti, Amh ət. 
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▪ See also ↗ʔaḫ. 
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