Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ʔḎN_1 : (Kogan2015 Sw#21:) from protSem *ʔuḏn‑ ‘ear’ (SED I #4).
▪ The two main values MSA shows today, are probably connected, ʔḎN_2 ‘to allow, give permission’ depending on ʔḎN_1 ‘ear’, as suggested by DRS where all values are grouped as one item, deriving from protSem *‘ear’. Ar ʔaḏān ‘call for prayer’ is *‘to make o.s. heard’ and thus from ‘ear’. The semantics of ʔḎN_2 could be similar to that of ‘call for prayer’: *‘ear’ > *‘to make o.s. heard’ > *‘to notify’ > *’ to notify about a permission’ > ‘to give permission’.

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DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḎN: Sem ‘ear’: Akk uzn‑ , Ug ʔudn, Hbr ʔozen, Aram ʔudnā, Syr ʔednā, Emp ʔdn, Ar ʔuḏn, Soq ʔidihen, Śḥr iden, Mhr hayden, Gz Te ʔəzn, Tña ʔəzni, Har uzun; Ar ʔaḏina ‘permettre’, Tham ʔḏn ‘autorité’, Ug ʔidn ‘permission?’, SAr ʔdn ‘obéissance, ordre’; Ar ʔaḏḏana, Te ʔaddana, ʔazzana ‘appeler à la prière’.

Te ʔaddana, ʔazzana are clearly borrowed from Ar ʔaḏḏana.

▪ Engl azan, from Ar ʔaḏān ‘call to prayer’, from ʔaḏḏana ‘to call to prayer’, D-stem of ʔaḏina ‘to listen’, denom. from ʔuḏn ‘ear’; muezzin, from Ar muʔaḏḏin ‘muezzin’, PA of ʔaḏḏana (see above) – Huehnergard2011.

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ʔiḏn إذْن , pl. ʔuḏūn , ʔuḏūnāt

ID … • Sw – • BP 1290 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ʔḎN

permission, authorization; leave; license; warrant; (pl. ʔuḏūn, ʔuḏūnāt) (postal) order; bond (fin.) – WehrCowan1979.

Most probably, the item ‘to allow, give permission’ is dependent on ʔḎN_1 ‘ear’, as suggested by DRS where all values are grouped as one item, deriving from Sem *‘ear’. Cf. ↗ʔḎN for the general picture, and ↗ʔuḏn for ‘ear’.

▪ …

DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḎN: [apart from cognates meaning ‘ear’]: Ar ʔaḏina ‘permettre’, Tham ʔḏn ‘autorité’, Ug ʔidn ‘permission?’, SAr ʔdn ‘obéissance, ordre’.

See “Nutshell” above as well as ↗ʔuḏn and ↗ʔḎN.

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► ʔaḏina, a, vb. I, to allow, permit: denominative?
► ĭstaʔḏana, vb. X, to ask permission to enter, have o.s. announced; to take leave, say good-bye: denominative.

► ʔiḏnī, adj.: sanad ʔ. promissory note, bill payable to order of s.o.: nsb-adj.
► ʔāḏin, n., door-keeper, porter: lexicalized PA I (*‘the one who gives permission to enter’).
► maʔḏūn, adj., authorized; licensed, legally allowed or recognized: PP I; n., holder of diploma; slave with limited legal rights (Isl.Law); = m. šarʕī, official authorized by the cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl.Law): lexicalized nominalized PP I (*person who has been authorized).
► maʔḏūniyyaẗ, n.f., leave, furlough (mil.Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.).

► For other values cf. ↗ʔuḏn and ↗ʔaḏān.

ʔaḏān أَذان

√ʔḎN

call to prayer – WehrCowan1979.

Akin to ↗ʔuḏn ‘ear’.

▪ …

DRS 1 (1994)#ʔḎN: [apart from those listed under ↗ʔuḏn ‘ear’ and ↗ʔiḏn ‘allowance, permit’]: Ar ʔaḏḏana, Te ʔaddana, ʔazzana ‘appeler à la prière’.

Te ʔaddana, ʔazzana are clearly borrowed from Ar ʔaḏḏana.

▪ Engl azan, from Ar ʔaḏān ‘call to prayer’, from ʔaḏḏana ‘to call to prayer’, D-stem of ʔaḏina ‘to listen’, denom. from ʔuḏn ‘ear’ – Huehnergard2011.

► ʔaḏḏana, vb. II, to call, esp. to call to prayer: denominative, or caus. of ʔaḏina ‘to listen, hear, learn, be informed’ (vb. I, ↗ʔuḏn).

► maʔḏanaẗ, var. miʔḏanaẗ, pl. maʔāḏinᵘ, n., minaret: n.loc./instr., from ↗ʔaḏān.
► muʔaḏḏin, n., muezzin, announcer of the hour of prayer: PA II, from vb. II, from ↗ʔaḏān.

For other values of ʔḎN, cf. ↗ʔuḏn and ↗ʔiḏn.

ʔuḏn أُذُن/أُذْن , var. ʔuḏun , pl. ʔāḏān

√ʔḎN

1 ear. – 2 handle (of a cup) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Kogan2015 (Sw#21): from protSem *ʔuḏn‑ ‘ear’ (SED I #4) (perh. < AfrAs *ʔudun-/*ʔuз̆un‑ ‘ear’).
▪ v2 ‘handle (of a cup)’ is metaphorical use (the ‘ear’ of a cup).
▪ From ‘ear’ are also the vb.s ‘to hear’ (I) and ‘to announce, inform; to crow (rooster)’ (II, *‘to make o.s. heard’) as well as, with the advent of Islam, the ‘call for prayer’.
▪ Most probably, also the notion of ‘to allow, give permission’ is derived from here, cf. ↗ʔiḏn (and derivatives).

▪ …

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘ear’) Akk uznu, Hbr ʔózen, Syr ʔuḏnā, Gz ʔezn.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#126: Akk ʔuzn‑ , Ug ʔudn, Hbr ʔōzen, Aram ʔudnā, Syr ʔednō, SAr ʔḏn, Gz ʔǝzn, Te ʔǝzn, Tña ʔǝzni ‘ear’. – Outside Sem: Eg i͗dn ‘ear’, ECh forms like ʔuduŋe or uduŋi ‘ear’.

▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#126: < Sem *ʔuḏn‑ ‘ear’ < AfrAs *ʔudun-/*ʔuз̆un‑ ‘ear’. – Eg i͗dn with i͗ palatalized from *3‑ under the influence of AfrAs *u; ECh forms < ECh *ʔudun-H‑.

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► ʔaḏina, a, vb. I, to listen; to hear, learn, be informed: denominative. – For other values cf. ʔiḏn.
► ʔaḏḏana, vb. II, to call, esp. to call to prayer; to crow (rooster):.
► ʔāḏana, vb. IV, to announce, make known, inform, notify; to call to prayer; to call upon s.o., urge, admonish, exhort to do s.th.; to herald; to foreshadow; to be on the verge (of doing s.th.): caus. of I.
► taʔaḏḏana, vb. V, to herald, announce:.

► C ^BP#4457ʔaḏān, n., call to prayer:.
► ʔuḏayn, n., auricle (anat.): dimin.
► ʔuḏaynaẗ, n.f., little ear; ear lobe: dimin.f.
► maʔḏanaẗ, var. miʔḏanaẗ, pl. maʔāḏinᵘ minaret: n.loc. of ↗ʔaḏān.
► ʔīḏān, n., declaration, proclamation, announcement; advance notice; imminence, threat, menace: vn. IV.
► muʔaḏḏin, n., muezzin, announcer of the hour of prayer: PA II, from vb. II, from ↗ʔaḏān.

► For other values of ʔḎN ↗ʔiḏn.

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