Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ A relation betw. the BʔS_1 and BʔS_2 seems rather unlikely. While BʔS_2 is well attested throughout Sem (and beyond), BʔS_1 has hardly any cognates (unless the Gz Te words for ‘man’ are related).
▪ BʔS_1 : Although some suggestions have been made, the etymology of this semantic complex still remains rather unclear. Orel&Stolbova1994#163 reconstruct (from only Ar baʔusa) protSem *b˅ʔuš‑ ʻto be strongʼ, and (from only 1 ECh evidence) protECh *basuʔ‑ ‘to be strong’ and posit a hypothetical AfrAs *baʔus‑ ʻto be strongʼ. Similarly Militarev&Stolbova2007 #893: protSem *bVʔuš‑, protECh *basuH‑ ‘to be strong’, protLEC *buHus‑ ‘to fill up’ / *bis‑ ‘all’, all from AfrAs *baʔus‑ ‘to be strong’. – For Sem, the Ar evidence perh. should be supplemented by Gz bəʔsa ‘to grow, grow mature, be strong, be swift’, though this may be denom. from Gz bəʔəsi ‘man, male, husband, person, someone’. Also, it may be worth considering the obsolete Ar ^†bāsa, yabīsu ‘to raise o.’s self above (people) and oppress them’ (Hava1899) as a development from an earlier *baʔasa, ip. *yabʔisu.
▪ BʔS_2 : In contrast, BʔS_2 is well attested all over Sem and also seems to have rather reliable cognates outside Sem, so that the reconstruction on an AfrAs ancestor is quite strong. Orel&Stolbova1994#160: reconstruct protSem *b˅ʔaš‑ ʻto be rotten; be poor’, protWCh *baʔas‑ ‘stink’ (n.), ‘bad’, protAg *bas‑, protLEC *baʔas‑ ‘spoiled, rotten’, and protHEC *buš‑ ‘bad’, all from AfrAs *baʔas‑ ʻto be rotten, be badʼ. Very similarly also Militarev&Stolbova2007: protSem *b˅ʔaš‑ ‘to be rotten; to be poor’, protWCh *baʔas‑ / *baHas‑ ‘stink (n.); bad’, protCCh *bas‑ / *b˅s‑ ‘anger, angry; angrily refuse to do s.th.’, protCCu (Ag) *bas‑ ‘to be bad’, protLEC *baʔas‑ ‘spoiled, rotten’, protHEC *buš‑ ‘bad’, all from AfrAs *baʔas‑ ‘to be rotten, be bad’.
▪ …

▪ …

BʔS_1
▪ Leslau CDG 2006: Ar baʔusa ‘to be strong, intrepid’, Gz bəʔsa ‘to grow, grow mature, be strong, be swift’ (denom. from bəʔəsi ‘man, male, husband, person, someone’), Te bəʔəs ‘husband’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) thinks (s.v. #BʔŠ) that the obsolete Ar ^†bāsa, ip. yabīsu ‘être hautain et injuste’ (Hava1899: ‘to raise o.’s self above people and oppress them’) is likely (»probablement«) to have developed from an earlier *baʔasa, ip. *yabʔisu.
▪ Should one also consider some of the values given (and cross-referenced with #BʔŠ) in DRS 2 (1994) #BHŚ/Š?: -1 Ar bahs ‘audace, hardiesse’, bahš ‘impétuosité’, bahaša ‘s’élancer’; -2 Ar (mérid.) bahaš ‘prendre avec une seule main’; -3 Ar bahs, bahš ‘cœur (du palmier nain)’; -4 bahaša (ʕan) ‘scruter, chercher, fureter’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#163: Outside Sem: (ECh) Gabri basua ‘to be strong’.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007 #893: Ar bʔs [u] ‘to be strong’. – Outside Sem: (ECh) Gabri basua ‘to be strong’; (LEC) Or buusa ‘to fill up’, Konso pisá ‘all’.

BʔS_2
▪ Bergsträsser1928: biʔsa (defekt. Verb; 2) Akk ibʔiš (1), Hbr bʔš a,a (1), Aram beš neḇaš (2), Gz bʔs ‑,a (2) ‘1. malodorous; 2. to be bad’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BʔŠ: ‘sentir mauvais, avoir mauvais goût ; être mauvais’: Akk baʔāšu ‘être mauvais, puant’, bīš-, biʔš- ‘puant’ ; Ug bʔš? ‘être mauvais’?; Hbr bāʔaš ‘puer’, bᵊʔōš ‘puanteur’; EmpAram bʔyš, Palm byšā, JudPal bᵊʔēš ‘vilain’, Syr beʔš ‘être mauvais’; nSyr bīšā ‘mauvais’; Mnd biš ‘devenir mauvais’; Ar baʔisa ‘être malheureux, détestable, vilain’; epigrSAr bʔš ‘être mauvais, hostile’ ; Gz bəʔsa ‘être âpre, amer, mauvais, nuisible’ ; Te bəʔsä ‘être en colère’; Tña bäʔasä, Amh basä ‘être mauvais’, bäš alä ‘avoir mal’; bʷašäšä ‘dépérir’, bäššəta ‘maladie, peste’, bis ‘mauvais’ ; Hbr bāʔšāʰ ‘mauvaise herbe’, bᵊʔušīm (pl.) ‘baies sauvages aigres’ ; nHbr bᵊʔušā, JudPal bᵊʔūšā (pl. bᵊʔūšīn) ‘vigne sauvage’. ▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 160: (Sem) Hbr bʔš ʻbe rotten’. – Outside Sem: (WCh) Hs bāšī ‘stink’, others ḅāsā, basa‑n, baši‑n ‘bad’; (CCu) Agaw bas‑ən ‘be bad’, (LEC) Som baas ‘spoiled, rotten’, (HEC) Sid buša ‘bad’.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007: (WCh) Hs bā́šī́ ‘stink’, Diri ḅāsā ‘bad’; (CCh) Daba bàs, Gude busǝ ‘to angrily refuse to do s.th., to speak’; (CCu Agaw) Awiya (Aungi) bas‑ǝn ‘to be bad’; (LEC) Som baas, Or busaaʷa ‘spoiled, rotten’; (HEC) Sid buša ‘bad’

See above, section CONC.

…

baʔs بَأْس

√BʔS

1a strength, fortitude, courage, intrepidity (as vn. of baʔusa); 1b power, might; 2 harm, injury, impairment, detriment, wrong – WehrCowan1976.

▪ A relation to the complex treated s.v. ↗buʔs ‘misery, wretchedness, suffering, distress’ seems rather unlikely. While the latter is well attested throughout Sem (and beyond), the former has hardly any cognates (unless the Gz Te words for ‘man’ are related).
▪ Although some suggestions have been made, the etymology of this semantic complex of baʔs etc. still remains rather unclear. Orel&Stolbova1994#163 reconstruct (from only Ar baʔusa) protSem *b˅ʔuš‑ ʻto be strongʼ and (from only 1 ECh evidence) protECh *basuʔ‑ ‘to be strong’ and posit a hypothetical AfrAs *baʔus‑ ʻto be strongʼ. Similarly Militarev&Stolbova2007 #893: protSem *bVʔuš‑, protECh *basuH‑ ‘to be strong’, protLEC *buHus‑ ‘to fill up’ / *bis‑ ‘all’, all from AfrAs *baʔus‑ ‘to be strong’. – For Sem, the Ar evidence should perh. (or even prob.?) be supplemented by Gz bəʔsa ‘to grow, grow mature, be strong, be swift’, though this may be denom. from Gz bəʔəsi ‘man, male, husband, person, someone’.
▪ Also, it may be worth considering the obsolete Ar ^†bāsa, yabīsu ‘to raise o.’s self above (people) and oppress them’ (Hava1899) as a development from an earlier *baʔasa, ip. *yabʔisu (as considered in a note in DRS 2) .

▪ …

▪ Leslau CDG 2006: Ar baʔusa ‘to be strong, intrepid’, Gz bəʔsa ‘to grow, grow mature, be strong, be swift’ (denom. from bəʔəsi ‘man, male, husband, person, someone’), Te bəʔəs ‘husband’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994) thinks (s.v. #BʔŠ) that the obsolete Ar ^†bāsa, ip. yabīsu ‘être hautain et injuste’ (Hava1899: ‘to raise o.’s self above people and oppress them’) is likely (»probablement«) to have developed from an earlier *baʔasa, ip. *yabʔisu.
▪ Should one also consider some of the values given (and cross-referenced with #BʔŠ) in DRS 2 (1994) #BHŚ/Š?: -1 Ar bahs ‘audace, hardiesse’, bahš ‘impétuosité’, bahaša ‘s’élancer’; -2 Ar (mérid.) bahaš ‘prendre avec une seule main’; -3 Ar bahs, bahš ‘cœur (du palmier nain)’; -4 bahaša (ʕan) ‘scruter, chercher, fureter’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#163: Outside Sem: (ECh) Gabri basua ‘to be strong’.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007 #893: Ar bʔs [u] ‘to be strong’. – Outside Sem: (ECh) Gabri basua ‘to be strong’; (LEC) Or buusa ‘to fill up’, Konso pisá ‘all’.

See above, section CONC.

…

► ^BP#1795lā baʔsᵃ, expr., nothing bad at all!

►baʔusa, u (baʔs), vb. I, to be strong, brave, intrepid: denom.?

buʔs بُؤْس

√BʔS

misery, wretchedness, suffering, distress – WehrCowan1976.

▪ A relation to the complex treated s.v. ↗baʔs ‘strength, fortitude, courage, intrepidity’ seems rather unlikely. While the former is well attested throughout Sem (and beyond), the latter has hardly any cognates.
▪ baʔs etc. is well attested all over Sem and also seems to have rather reliable cognates outside Sem, so that the reconstruction of an AfrAs ancestor is quite well-based. The original value seems to have been ‘stink, bad odour (of rotten things)’, hence ‘rotten, wretched, bad’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#160: reconstruct protSem *b˅ʔaš‑ ʻto be rotten; be poor’, protWCh *baʔas‑ ‘stink’ (n.), ‘bad’, protAg *bas‑, protLEC *baʔas‑ ‘spoiled, rotten’, and protHEC *buš‑ ‘bad’, all from AfrAs *baʔas‑ ʻto be rotten, be badʼ. Very similarly also Militarev&Stolbova2007: protSem *b˅ʔaš‑ ‘to be rotten; to be poor’, protWCh *baʔas‑ / *baHas‑ ‘stink (n.); bad’, protCCh *bas‑ / *b˅s‑ ‘anger, angry; angrily refuse to do s.th.’, protCCu (Ag) *bas‑ ‘to be bad’, protLEC *baʔas‑ ‘spoiled, rotten’, protHEC *buš‑ ‘bad’, all from AfrAs *baʔas‑ ‘to be rotten, be bad’.

▪ …

▪ Bergsträsser1928: (‘¹malodorous; ²to be bad’) ²Ar biʔsa (defect. vb.), ¹Akk ibʔiš, ¹Hbr bʔš a (a), ²Syr beš (ipfv neḇaš), ²Gz bʔs – (a).
▪ DRS 2 (1994) #BʔŠ: ‘sentir mauvais, avoir mauvais goût ; être mauvais’: Akk baʔāšu ‘être mauvais, puant’, bīš-, biʔš- ‘puant’ ; Ug bʔš? ‘être mauvais’?; Hbr bāʔaš ‘puer’, bᵊʔōš ‘puanteur’; EmpAram bʔyš, Palm byšā, JudPal bᵊʔēš ‘vilain’, Syr beʔš ‘être mauvais’; nSyr bīšā ‘mauvais’; Mnd biš ‘devenir mauvais’; Ar baʔisa ‘être malheureux, détestable, vilain’; epigrSAr bʔš ‘être mauvais, hostile’ ; Gz bəʔsa ‘être âpre, amer, mauvais, nuisible’ ; Te bəʔsä ‘être en colère’; Tña bäʔasä, Amh basä ‘être mauvais’, bäš alä ‘avoir mal’; bʷašäšä ‘dépérir’, bäššəta ‘maladie, peste’, bis ‘mauvais’ ; Hbr bāʔšāʰ ‘mauvaise herbe’, bᵊʔušīm (pl.) ‘baies sauvages aigres’ ; nHbr bᵊʔušā, JudPal bᵊʔūšā (pl. bᵊʔūšīn) ‘vigne sauvage’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 160: (Sem) Hbr bʔš ʻbe rotten’. – Outside Sem: (WCh) Hs bāšī ‘stink’, others ḅāsā, basa‑n, baši‑n ‘bad’; (CCu) Agaw bas‑ən ‘be bad’, (LEC) Som baas ‘spoiled, rotten’, (HEC) Sid buša ‘bad’.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007: (WCh) Hs bā́šī́ ‘stink’, Diri ḅāsā ‘bad’; (CCh) Daba bàs, Gude busǝ ‘to angrily refuse to do s.th., to speak’; (CCu Agaw) Awiya (Aungi) bas‑ǝn ‘to be bad’; (LEC) Som baas, Or busaaʷa ‘spoiled, rotten’; (HEC) Sid buša ‘bad’.

See above, section CONC.

…

►baʔisa, a (buʔs), vb. I, to be miserable, wretched: denom.?
►biʔsa ’l‑rajulᵘ, expr., what an evil man!: defective vb.
►tabāʔasa, vb. VI, to fain misery or distress: Lt‑stem, “as if”.
►ĭbtaʔasa, vb. VIII, to be sad, worried, grieved: Gt‑stem, intr.

►banātu biʔs, n.f.pl., calamities, adversities, misfortunes.
►baʔsāʔᵘ, n.f., = buʔs.
►buʔūs, n., = buʔs.
►buʔsà, pl. ʔabʔus, n.f. , = buʔs.
►bāʔis, adj., miserable, wretched

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