Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ǦDR_1 ‘to befit, be suitable, proper, appropriate, be worthy (of s.th.), deserve’ ↗ǧadura
▪ ǦDR_2 ‘wall’ ↗ǧidār
▪ ǦDR_3 ‘smallpox’ ↗ǧudarī
▪ ǦDR_4 ‘dish made of rice or bulgur with lentils, onions and oil’ ↗EgAr LevAr muǧaddaraẗ

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†ǦDR_5 ‘to sprout (plant)’: ^†ǧadara (u, ǧadr), ^†ǧadura (u, ǧadāraẗ), ^†ǧaddara (vb. II), ^†ʔaǧdara (vb. IV); cf. also ^†ǧadira (a, ǧadar) ‘to form its grains and sprout (vine)’, ^†ʔaǧdara (vb. IV) ‘to have young trees (land); to shoot forth (tree)’
▪ ^†ǦDR_ ‘…’: ^†ǧdr
▪ …

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘wall, walling-in, an enclosure; pustules, smallpox; to be worthy of s.th.’

▪ [gnrl] Under the roof of the root √ǦDR at least 3 semantic complexes that do not show obvious interrelation are assembled: (a) ‘to be fit, suitable, worthy’ ≙ [v1]; (b) ‘wall, fencing, etc.’ ≙ [v2]; and (c) ‘to sprout, shoot forth’ ≙ ^†[v5] (> [v3] > [v4]). Only (b)≙[v2] seems to have cognates in Sem.
▪ [v1] : etymology obscure. – Should one compare forms without -R, such as Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’ (< WSem *gadd- ‘happiness, fortune’, which Dolgopolsky2012#599 analyses as stemming from a Nostr *gad˅‑ ‘(to be) suitable\good; luck’)? Perhaps too far-fetched!
▪ [v2] : from protCSem *g˅d˅r- ‘fence, wall’ – Kogan2015:208 #6, Huehnergard2011. – See also below, section DISC.
▪ [v3] : Unless a loanword (where from?), the value ‘smallpox’ is prob. a specialization of the more general ^†[v5] ‘to sprout, shoot forth; hence also: produce pustules on the skin, etc.’.
▪ [v4] : The name of the dish seems to be coined from [v3] ‘smallpox’, likening the view of lentils within rice or bulgur to smallpox pustules on the skin.
▪ ^†[v5] : etymology obscure. – [v5] seems to be at the origin of [v3] (> [v4]).

▪ …

▪ [all] DRS 2 (1994) #GDR-1 ≙ [v2] Hbr gādēr ‘mur en pierres’, ARAM cp gdrʔ ‘tas de pierres’, TalmAram gᵊdērā, gādērā ‘clôture séparation’; Ar ǧadr, ǧidār, Min gdr ‘mur’; Te gədar, gədor ‘aux alentours de, à côté de’, gudur ‘parois de la hutte, mur de la maison’, Tña gidar ‘sorte de hangar pour les animaux’. -?2 Akk gadar- ‘ceinture (?)’.¹ -3 ≙ [v1] Ar ǧadura ‘être digne de, apte à’, Te gäddärä ‘s’habituer à’. -4 Te gadər ‘puissant’, Har gädärä, gidra ‘rang social, respect’.² -?6 Amh gʷädärra ‘hurler, mugir (animal mâle)’.³ -7 ≙ [v5]/[v3] Ar ǧadura ‘poindre, bourgeonner’, ǧadar, ǧudar ‘pustule variolique’, ǧudriyy, ǧadariyy ‘petite vérole’, Soq gīdri, Te gədri ‘petite vérole’.⁴
▪ [v2] : Zammit2002, Kogan2015:208 #6: Ug gdrt ‘Umfriedung’,⁵ Hbr gādēr ‘wall’, JBA gādērā ‘fence’, gᵊdar ‘to fence in’,⁶ Syr gedrā ‘pond, pool’ (< Ar), Min gdr ‘mur’, Ar ǧadr, ǧidār, ǧadīraẗ ‘wall’; Te gədar ‘in the surroundings of, at the side of’, gudur ‘parois de hutte, mur de la maison’, Tña gidaro ‘a kind of enclosure made of sticks and thorns in which cattle spend the night while in the fields’, Mhr gīdōr, Jib gédɔ́r ‘wall, cairn, piled stones’.⁷
▪ …

1. »Empr. sum.? AHW 273.« 2. »Il est peu probable qu’il faille faire dépendre 4 de 3. Les formes éth. semblent plutôt en rapport avec la rac. QDR (v.s.).«] -5 Te gädrä ‘bouillir fortement’, Amh gʷädärra ‘faire du bruit (eau bouillante, etc.)’.[(cn :: » < Ar? (v. ↗qidr).« 3. »Comp. Amh qätärä.« 4. »Comp. Leslau, Lexique Soqotri 103.« 5. Hapax legomenon in a difficult context: k ʔapʕ ʔil b gdrt ‘Like a divine viper in a hedge’ (1.19 i 13). 6. Since the root is sparsely attested in Aram, one may be inclined to consider the JBA forms to be Hebraisms. 7. »In both cases [Mhr Jib], Ar loanwords are likely (explicitly recognized for the EthSem forms in DRS 102 and Leslau 1990:152, but cf. Marrassini 1971: 50-53). – Footnote: Cha Enm Muh gadər, Enm End Gyt gaʔadər, Sel gādra ‘cattle pen inside the house’, are thought to be borrowed from Cushitic by Leslau.«

▪ [v1] : Should one compare Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’? If related, then ǧadura ‘to be fit, suitable, be worth’ would have far cognates in the large complex given by Dolgopolsky2012#599: Nostr *gad˅ ‘(to be) suitable\good; luck’ > AfrAs > WSem *gadd- ‘happiness, fortune’ > Hbr gaḏ ‘fortune’, bə-g̱aḏ ‘feliciter’, Pun Nab Palm Htr gd, JA [Targ], JEA gadd-ā ‘genius, god of fortune; luck’, Syr gad / gaddā ‘fortune, luck, success’, Mnd gada ‘fortune, success, luck, fate’, nMnd gäd ‘Glück, chance’, Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’, Gz gadd ‘luck’; Cush Ag: Aw gud ‘good, nice’, gudi ‘good’, ECush *gudd-~*gūd- ‘big, much’ > Kns kutt- ‘id.’, Or guddaʔ, Dsn gudd-u, Elm g̣ūt-iḍa ‘big’, gūt ‘many’, Arr guḍḍá ‘big’, guḍḍa-haḍ- ‘grow big, become many\much’; ? Som gídd-i ‘whole, entire’, Bs gidd-i, ? Af gadd-a ‘wealth’ (unless < EthSem); HEC (< EthSem?): Hd gadaʔa ‘luck’; IE > NaIE *gʰedʰ-/*gʰodʰ- ‘to be suitable\good’ > Germ *gōδā ‘suitable’ > Gt gōÞs ~ gōds (tr. Grk agaθós, χrēstós, kalós) ‘gut, tüchtig, schön’, oNo góðr, oHGe guot, nHGe gut, oSax gōd, AngSax ȝōd ‘good’, nEngl good; Slav inf. *goditi (sę) ‘to suit, be fortunate’ > oChSlav inf. goditi ‘to satisfy | gratum esse, morem gerere, placere’, SerbCroat inf. gòditi ‘to make a deal’, Slov to mi godi ‘it is pleasant, I like it’, Cz inf. hoditi se, Ru inf. godit’sja ‘to be suitable’, Po inf. godzić ‘to bring to an agreement’, godzi się ‘it is permitted\lawful’; > (deriv.) Slav *godъ ‘appropriate time’ > oChSlav godъ ‘time (hora, tempus); year; appropriate time’, SerbCroat gōd ‘holiday, year, appropriate time’, Cz hod ‘religious feast’, oRu godъ ‘time, year’, Ru god ‘year’; Slav *god-ьnъ(jь) ‘suitable, appropriate’ > ChSlav godьnъ, Bulg goden, Po godny, Ru godnyj ‘id.’
▪ [v2] : Related to (or ultimately derived from?) forms without ‑R? If so, one may have to compare the complex listed by Dolgopolsky2012 sub #598: Nostr *gad˹a˺ ‘bank, shore, side of s.th.’ > CSem *giday- ~ *guday- ‘bank, side of a river’, *°gadd- ‘id.’ > BiblHbr gəḏ-ōṯ-āw ~ giḏy-ōṯ-āw ‘its banks’ (presumably forms of *giḏyā), Mnd gada, gida, g(i)dada ‘bank, riverside, waterside’, JA JEA gudd-ā ‘wall, side’, Ar ǧudd ‘côté, bord (de toute chose)’ [↗Ǧuddaẗ], ǧidd, ǧidd-aẗ ‘bord, rive (d’un fleuve)’, ǧadd ‘rivage, bord (d’un fleuve), surface de la terre’. – DRS 2 (1994) #GDR-1: outside Sem, cf. Berb agadir ‘fort, fortress, citadel’?
▪ [v3]-^†[v5] : As neither ‘smallpox’ nor ‘to sprout’ can be traced back to earlier forms it is difficult to tell whether [v3] is a specialization of [v5] or the latter is denominative from the former. For the time being, we may assume that -ī in ǧudarī is a nisba ending, which would point to its being derived. However, the instability of the vowel in the first syllable (ǧudarī ~ ǧadarī) could be an indication of a foreign origin, in which case the vb. ‘to sprout’ would be denominative. – In any case, [v4] the muǧaddaraẗ dish is to be analyzed as a PP II from ǧaddara ‘to infect with smallpox, show pustules’ and is thus the *‘dish that looks like smallpox on the skin’.
▪ …

▪ For the name of the Andalusian city Cadiz, cf. ↗ǧidār.

–

ǧadur‑ جَدُر , u (ǧadāraẗ)

ID – • Sw – • BP 3370 • APD … • © SG | 15Dec2022

√ǦDR

vb., I

1a to be fit, suitable, proper, appropriate (bi‑ for s.o., for s.th.); b to befit, behoove (bi‑ s.o., s.th.); 2 to be worthy (bi‑ of), deserve (bi‑ s.th.) – WehrCowan1976

▪ Etymology obscure. A relation with other ǦDR items (↗ǧidār ‘wall, fencing, etc.’, ↗ǧudarī ‘smallpox’) seems rather unlikely.
▪ Should one compare forms without -R, such as Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’ (< WSem *gadd- ‘happiness, fortune’, which Dolgopolsky2012#599 analyses as stemming from a Nostr *gad˅‑ ‘(to be) suitable\good; luck’)? Perhaps too far-fetched!
▪ …

▪ …

▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GDR-1-2 […]. -3 Ar ǧadura ‘être digne de, apte à’, Te gäddärä ‘s’habituer à’. -4-7 […].
▪ …

▪ Should one compare Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’? If related, then ǧadura ‘to be fit, suitable, be worth’ would have far cognates in the large complex given by Dolgopolsky2012#599: Nostr *gad˅ ‘(to be) suitable\good; luck’ > AfrAs > WSem *gadd- ‘happiness, fortune’ > Hbr gaḏ ‘fortune’, bə-g̱aḏ ‘feliciter’, Pun Nab Palm Htr gd, JA [Targ], JEA gadd-ā ‘genius, god of fortune; luck’, Syr gad / gaddā ‘fortune, luck, success’, Mnd gada ‘fortune, success, luck, fate’, nMnd gäd ‘Glück, chance’, Ar ↗ǧadd ‘good luck, chance, fortune’, Gz gadd ‘luck’; Cush Ag: Aw gud ‘good, nice’, gudi ‘good’, ECush *gudd-~*gūd- ‘big, much’ > Kns kutt- ‘id.’, Or guddaʔ, Dsn gudd-u, Elm g̣ūt-iḍa ‘big’, gūt ‘many’, Arr guḍḍá ‘big’, guḍḍa-haḍ- ‘grow big, become many\much’; ? Som gídd-i ‘whole, entire’, Bs gidd-i, ? Af gadd-a ‘wealth’ (unless < EthSem); HEC (< EthSem?): Hd gadaʔa ‘luck’; IE > NaIE *gʰedʰ-/*gʰodʰ- ‘to be suitable\good’ > Germ *gōδā ‘suitable’ > Gt gōÞs ~ gōds (tr. Grk agaθós, χrēstós, kalós) ‘gut, tüchtig, schön’, oNo góðr, oHGe guot, nHGe gut, oSax gōd, AngSax ȝōd ‘good’, nEngl good; Slav inf. *goditi (sę) ‘to suit, be fortunate’ > oChSlav inf. goditi ‘to satisfy | gratum esse, morem gerere, placere’, SerbCroat inf. gòditi ‘to make a deal’, Slov to mi godi ‘it is pleasant, I like it’, Cz inf. hoditi se, Ru inf. godit’sja ‘to be suitable’, Po inf. godzić ‘to bring to an agreement’, godzi się ‘it is permitted\lawful’; > (deriv.) Slav *godъ ‘appropriate time’ > oChSlav godъ ‘time (hora, tempus); year; appropriate time’, SerbCroat gōd ‘holiday, year, appropriate time’, Cz hod ‘religious feast’, oRu godъ ‘time, year’, Ru god ‘year’; Slav *god-ьnъ(jь) ‘suitable, appropriate’ > ChSlav godьnъ, Bulg goden, Po godny, Ru godnyj ‘id.’
▪ …

–

►yaǧduru ḏikru-h and yaǧduru bi’l-ḏikr, worth mentioning

►^BP#2772ǧadīr, pl. ‑ūn, ǧudarāʔᵘ, adj., 1 worthy, deserving (bi‑ of s.th.); 2a becoming, befitting (bi‑ s.th.); b proper, suited, suitable, fit (bi‑ for), appropriate (bi‑ to): quasi-PP I. | ǧadīr bi’l-ḏikr, worth mentioning
►ʔaǧdarᵘ, adj., 1 worthier; 2a more appropriate; b better suited, more suitable
►ǧadāraẗ, n.f., 1 worthiness; 2a fitness, suitability, aptitude, qualification; b appropriateness

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧidār, ↗ǧudarī, and (EgAr LevAr) ↗muǧaddaraẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDR.

ǧidār جِدار , pl. ǧudur, ǧudrān

√ǦDR

wall – WehrCowan1976

▪ From protCSem *g˅d˅r- ‘fence, to wall, build walls’ – Kogan2015:208 #6; noun *gadir‑ ‘wall’ – Huehnergard2011. – See also below, section DISC.
▪ A relation to other ǦDR items (↗ǧadura ‘to be fit, suitable, worthy’; ↗ǧudarī ‘smallpox’ < *‘to sprout, shoot forth’) seems rather unlikely.
▪ …

▪ (Hava1899): ǧadara ‘to wall, inclose s.th. in a walls, conceal o.s. behind a wall’, ǧadīraẗ (quasi-PP.f) ‘inclosure for cattle; walled garden’, ǧaddara (II) and ĭǧtadara (VIII) ‘to raise (a building)’
▪ …

▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GDR-1 Hbr gādēr ‘mur en pierres’, Aram gdrʔ ‘tas de pierres’, TalmAram gᵊdērā, gādērā ‘clôture séparation’; Ar ǧadr, ǧidār, Min gdr ‘mur’; Te gədar, gədor ‘aux alentours de, à côté de’, gudur ‘parois de la hutte, mur de la maison’, Tña gidar ‘sorte de hangar pour les animaux’. -?2 Akk gadar- ‘ceinture (?)’.⁸ -3-7 […].
▪ Zammit2002, Kogan2015:208 #6 : Ug gdrt ‘Umfriedung’,⁹ Hbr gādēr ‘wall’, JBA gādērā ‘fence’, gᵊdar ‘to fence in’,¹⁰ , Syr gedrā ‘pond, pool’ (< Ar), Min gdr ‘mur’, Ar ǧadr, ǧidār, ǧadīraẗ ‘wall’, Te gədar ‘in the surroundings of, at the side of’, gudur ‘parois de hutte, mur de la maison’, Tña gidaro ‘a kind of enclosure made of sticks and thorns in which cattle spend the night while in the fields’, Mhr gīdōr, Jib gédɔ́r ‘wall, cairn, piled stones’.¹¹
▪ Outside Sem: cf. Berb agadir ‘fort, fortress, citadel’ (DRS 2 1994 ad #GDR-1)?
▪ …

8. »Empr. sum.? AHW 273.« 9. Kogan2015: »Hapax legomenon in a difficult context: k ʔapʕ ʔil b gdrt ‘Like a divine viper in a hedge’ (1.19 i 13).« 10. Kogan2015: »Since the root is sparsely attested in Aram, one may be inclined to consider the JBA forms to be Hebraisms.« 11. Kogan2015: »In both cases [Mhr Jib], Ar loanwords are likely (explicitly recognized for the EthSem forms in DRS 102 and Leslau 1990: 152, but cf. Marrassini 1971: 50-53). – Footnote: Cha Enm Muh gadər, Enm End Gyt gaʔadər, Sel gādra ‘cattle pen inside the house’, are thought to be borrowed from Cushitic by Leslau.«

▪ Also related to (or ultimately derived from?) forms without final ‑R ? If so, one may have to compare the complex listed by Dolgopolsky2012 sub #598: Nostr *gad˹a˺ ‘bank, shore, side of s.th.’ > CSem *giday- ~ *guday- ‘bank, side of a river’, *°gadd- ‘id.’ > BiblHbr gəḏ-ōṯ-āw ~ giḏy-ōṯ-āw ‘its banks’ (presumably forms of *giḏyā), Mnd gada, gida, g(i)dada ‘bank, riverside, waterside’, JA JEA gudd-ā ‘wall, side’, Ar ǧudd ‘côté, bord (de toute chose)’ [↗Ǧuddaẗ], ǧidd, ǧidd-aẗ ‘bord, rive (d’un fleuve)’, ǧadd ‘rivage, bord (d’un fleuve), surface de la terre’.
▪ …

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Cadiz, from Lat Gades, from Phoen *gadir ‘wall’, akin to Ar ǧadr, ǧidār ‘wall’.

►ǧadr, n., wall: var. of ǧidār, perh. orig. vn. I, from ^†ǧadara ‘to inclose, infence’
►ǧidārī, adj., mural, wall (adj.): nsb-adj.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧadura, ↗ǧudarī, and (EgAr LevAr)↗muǧaddaraẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDR.

ǧudarī جُدَري, var. ǧadarī

√ǦDR

smallpox – WehrCowan1976

▪ Unless a loanword (where from?), ǧudarī ‘smallpox’ is prob. a specialization derived from the more general ^†ǧadara (u, ǧadr), ^†ǧadura (u, ǧadāraẗ), ^†ǧadira (a, ǧadar) ‘to sprout, shoot forth; hence also: produce pustules on the skin’ (↗^†ǦDR_5). Oscillation of vowel in first syllable (ǧudarī~ ǧadarī) and earlier variant ǧudrī may point to a borrowing.
▪ A relation with other ǦDR items (↗ǧadura ‘to be fit, suitable, worthy’, ǧidār ‘wall, fencing, etc.’) seems rather unlikely.
▪ Fig. use in ↗muǧaddaraẗ ‘dish with lentils within rice or bulgur’ (resembling skin *‘covered with smallpox pustules’).
▪ …

▪ (Hava1899): ǧadar (pl. ʔaǧdār) ‘natural tumour, swelling caused by a wound; bite on an animal’s neck; sprout’, ǧadara (u, ǧadr) ‘to be covered with blisters (hand)’, ǧudira, ǧuddira, taǧaddara ‘to have the smallpox’, muǧaddar ‘seized with small-pox; pock-marked (face)’, maǧdaraẗ ‘country where small-pox is raging’
▪ …

▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GDR-1-6 […]. -7 Ar ǧadura ‘poindre, bourgeonner’, ǧadar, ǧudar ‘pustule variolique’, ǧudriyy, ǧadariyy ‘petite vérole’, Soq gīdri, Te gədri ‘petite vérole’.¹²
▪ …

12. »Comp. Leslau, Lexique Soqotri 103.«

▪ As neither ‘smallpox’ nor ^†‘to sprout’ can be traced back to earlier forms it is difficult to tell whether the first is a specialization derived from the verb or the latter is denominative from the former. For the time being, we may assume that -ī in ǧudarī is a nisba ending, which would point to its being derived.
▪ …

–

►ǧudira, vb. I (pass.), and ǧuddira, vb. II, to have smallpox: G- and D-stem, both pass., denom.
►maǧdūr, and muǧaddar, adj., infected with smallpox; pock-marked: PP I and II, respectively
►muǧaddaraẗ, n.f., a popular dish: see ↗s.v.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧadura and ↗ǧidār as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDR.

EgAr LevAr muǧaddaraẗ مُجَدَّرة

√ǦDR

n.f.

dish made of rice or (in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions and oil – WehrCowan1976

▪ The name of the Levantine dish seems to be coined from ↗ǧudarī ‘smallpox’ (< ^†ǧad˅ra ‘to sprout, shoot forth; hence also: produce pustules on the skin’), likening the view of lentils within rice or bulgur to smallpox pustules on the skin.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ See ↗ǧudarī.
▪ …

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …

–

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ǧadura, ↗ǧidār, and ↗ǧudarī, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDR.

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