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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ḤZB حزب 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZB 
“root” 
▪ ḤZB_1 ‘to befall, happen, occur’ ↗ḥazaba
▪ ḤZB_2 ‘group, troop, band, gang; party’ ↗ḥizb
▪ ḤZB_3 ‘old hag’ ↗ḥayzabūn

Other values, now obsolete, include:
  • ḤZB_4 ‘rocky hill, rugged ground’: ḥizbāʔ
  • ḤZB_5 ‘thick, coarse, rude, bulky and short’: ḥazābin, ḥinzāb (meaning also ‘wild carrot’ and ‘cock’)
BAH2008: ‘1 hardship, to afflict; 2 group, faction, to devide, partition, gang up; 3 rocky hill’ 
▪ Relations within this root still rather unclear. According to DRS, ḤZB_3-5 may be related to ḤZB_1. 
– 
DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-1 Ar ḥazaba ‘advenir, survenir, atteindre qn. soudainement’, ḥazb ‘difficultés’; ? Mhr ḥəzūb ‘être vigilant, prêt à agir’. -2 Ar ḥizb ‘portion, part, lot, troupe, parti’, ḥazaba ‘être partisan’, ḥazzaba ‘assembler, réunir; partager’; SAr ʔḥzb (pl.) ‘bandes armées’; Gz ḥəzb ‘nation, tribu, secte, foule’, Te ‘peuple, nation’, Tña ḥəzbi, Amh Gur həzb, Gur äzb, kəzb, kəbz ‘peuple, foule’. -3 Gz ḥazzaba ‘attacher, lier’, Tña ḥəzab, Amh Gur (ə)zab ‘rêne, bride’, Arg zab, Amh azzäbä ‘tresser, faire de courroies’. -4 Gz ḥazaba, ḥazzaba ‘penser, considérer, supposer, soupçonner’, Te täḥazzäba ‘douter’, täḥazäba ‘jeter la suspicion sur’, Amh azzäbä : entendre qc. qu’on désapprouve tacitement, tazzäbä ‘être témoin silencieux, soupçonner, juger à part soi’; Gur azzäbä, Har ḥazäba ‘garder en mémoire ce que qn. a fait’.1 -5 Ar ḥizbāʔ ‘terrain raboteux’; ḥazābin ‘épais, rude, courtaud, massif’, ḥayzabūn ‘vieille femme (rusée, mauvaise)’. 
▪ ḤZB_2: Ar ḥizb is believed to be from Gz ḥəzb. – On DRS #3 (EthSem only): »Peut-être la notion de ‘lier, attacher’ est-elle en rapport avec celle de ‘rassembler, grouper, unir dans un parti, etc.’ [ḤZB_2]«.
▪ ḤZB_3: Ar ḥayzabūn ‘old hag’ is the last remnant of a value that in DRS #5 is treated as one, together with ḤZB_4 ḥizbāʔ ‘rocky hill, rugged ground’ and ḤZB_5, comprising the strange items ḥazābin ‘thick, coarse, rude, (etc.)’ and ḥinzāb ‘dto.; wild carrot; cock’. The common denominator here would be the coarseness, rudeness, compactness. The authors of DRS also consider the possibility that all this “perhaps” should be connected ḤZB_1, »comme les aspérités et surprises de la vie et du chemin.« 
– 
– 
ḥazab‑ حَزَبَ , u (ḥazb
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZB 
vb., I 
to befall, happen, occur – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Etymology obscure. A relation to ↗ḥizb ‘group, party’ seems rather unlikely. 
▪ … 
DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-1 Ar ḥazaba ‘advenir, survenir, atteindre qn. soudainement’, ḥazb ‘difficultés’; ? Mhr ḥəzūb ‘être vigilant, prêt à agir’. 
▪ Etymology obscure.
DRS 9 (2010) suggests that the complex treated under ḥayzabūn ‘old hag’ may perhaps be related. 
– 
ḥazaba ’l-ʔamr, vb. I, expr., the matter became serious.
ḥāzib: ḥazaba-hū ~, expr., he met with a mishap

For other items of the root cf. ↗ḥizb, ↗ḥayzabūn and (for the general picture) ↗ḤZB. 
ḥizb حِزْب , pl. ʔaḥzāb 
ID 209 • Sw – • BP 289 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZB 
n. 
1 group, troop, band, gang; 2 party (pol.); 3 the 60th part of the Koran – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ The word is believed to be a loan from Gz that is to be found already in the Q
▪ eC7 (group, party) Q 23:53 fa-taqaṭṭaʕū ʔamra-hum bayna-hum zuburan kullu ḥizbin bi-mā laday-him fariḥūna ‘but they split their affair into sects, each faction rejoicing in what they have’, (supporters, faction, partisans) Q 58:22 ʔulāʔika ḥizbu ’llāhi ʔa-lā ʔinna ḥizba ’llāhi hum-u ’l-mufliḥūna ‘these are on God’s side, and God’s side are the successful’ ▪ Cf. also 5:56, 30:32, 35:6; in the dual, al-ḥizbayn : 18:12; in the pl., al-ʔaḥzāb : 11:17, 13:36, 19:37, 33:20,22, 38:11,13, 40:5,30, 43:65 
DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-2: Ar ḥizb ‘portion, part, lot, troupe, parti’, ḥazaba ‘être partisan’, ḥazzaba ‘assembler, réunir; partager’; SAr ʔḥzb (pl.) ‘bandes armées’; Gz ḥəzb ‘nation, tribu, secte, foule’, Te ‘peuple, nation’, Tña ḥəzbi, Amh Gur həzb, Gur äzb, kəzb, kəbz ‘peuple, foule’.
▪ … 
▪ Jeffery1938: 108-9: »The philologers derive it from a verbal root ḤZB, but this primitively had quite a different meaning, and the sense of ‘divide into parties’, or ḥazzaba ‘to form a party’, are clearly denominative. / The word is doubtless to be explained with Nöldeke, Neue Beiträge, 59, n., from the Gz ḥəzb, pl. ʔäḥzab1 meaning ‘people, class, tribe’ which in the Ethiopic Bible translates [Gr] laós; phylaí; dēmos and háiresis, as in [Gz] ḥəzəb säduqawəyn or ḥəzəb färisawəyn for the parties of the Sadducees and the Pharisees, which closely parallels the Qur'ānic usage. Nöldeke thinks it probable that the word was first made prominent by the Qur'ān, though from the way Muḥammad makes use of it one would judge that its meaning was not altogether unfamiliar to his hearers. As a matter of fact we find the word in the SAr inscriptions, as e.g. in Glaser 424, ḏ-rydn w-ʔḥzb ḥbšt ‘of Raidan and the folks of Ḥabashat’,2 so that it is more likely that it came into use among the Northern Arabs from this area than that Muḥammad got it from Abyssinians.3 «
▪ Schall 1982: Ar ḥizb ‘party, sect’ is a loan, to be found already in the Q, from Gz ḥəzb ‘group of people, tribe’.
▪ Glaß 2011, 839-40: The word was also used, in C19, within the phrase ḥizb al-muḍāddaẗ, to render Fr ‘parti de l’opposition’. As such, it can serve as an example of one of the »methods [that] have been used to create new vocabulary«, namely »Translation of foreign words and phrases«.
▪ … 
– 
ḥazzaba, vb. II, to rally; to form or found a party: D-stem, denom.
ḥāzaba, vb. III, to side, take sides, be an adherent: L-stem, associative.
taḥazzaba, vb. V, to take sides; to form a party, make common cause, join forces: tD-stem, reflexive/autobenef.

BP#3038ḥizbī, adj., party (adj.), factional: nisba formation; (pl. ‑ūn) party man, party-liner: nominalization.
ḥizbiyyaẗ, n.f., party activities; partisanship, partiality; factionalism: n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ.
taḥazzub, n., factiousness; factionalism: vn. V
ḥāzib: ḥazaba-hū ḥāzib, expr., he met with a mishap: PA I.
mutaḥazzib, adj., partial, biased; n., partisan: PA V.

For other values attached to the root, see ↗ḥazaba ‘to befall, happen, occur’, ↗ḥayzabūn ‘old hag’, and (for the general picture) ↗ḤZB.

 
ḥayzabūn حَيْزَبُون 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤZB 
n.f. 
old hag – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Etymology obscure. A relation to ↗ḥizb ‘group, party’ seems rather unlikely. 
▪ … 
DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-5 Ar ḥizbāʔ ‘terrain raboteux’; ḥazābin ‘épais, rude, courtaud, massif’, ḥayzabūn ‘vieille femme (rusée, mauvaise)’.
▪ Cf. perhaps also DRS 9 (2010)#ḤZB-1 Ar ḥazaba ‘advenir, survenir, atteindre qn. soudainement’, ḥazb ‘difficultés’; ? Mhr ḥəzūb ‘être vigilant, prêt à agir’. 
▪ Etymology obscure.
DRS 9 (2010) suggests to put ḥayzabūn together with other items, now obsolete, like ḥizbāʔ ‘rocky hill, rugged ground’ (ḤZB_4 in ↗ḤZB), ḥazābin ‘thick, coarse, rude, bulky and short’ (ḤZB_5), and ḥinzāb ‘dto. (as ḥazābin); wild carrot; cock’. The common denominator here would be the coarseness, rudeness, compactness. The authors of DRS also mention the possibility that this complex “perhaps” should can be connected with ↗ḥazaba ‘to befall, happen, occur’ (ḤZB_1 in ↗ḤZB), »comme les aspérités et surprises de la vie et du chemin« (like the unevenness and asperity of a path or the surprises of life). 
– 

For other items of the root cf. ↗ḥazaba, ↗ḥizb and (for the general picture) ↗ḤZB. 
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