Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḤFL_1 ʻto flow copiously, be affluent; to assemble, congregate; gathering, crowd’ ↗¹ḥafala; ‘party; show, performance (theater, cinema), concert, festive event, celebration’ ↗ḥaflaẗ.
▪ ḤFL_2 ʻto pay attention, give one’s mind to, apply o.s. to, concern o.s. with’ ↗³ḥafala; ‘eager, assiduous, diligent’ ↗ḥafīl; ‘to adorn, decorate’ ↗ḥaffala
▪ ḤFL_3 ʻomnibus’ ↗ḥāfilaẗ

Other values, now obsolete, include:

▪ ^†ḤFL_4 ʻto leave (cattle) unmilked’ ↗^†taḥaffala
: also ‘to collect in the udder (milk)’

▪ [v1] : No obvious cognates in Sem. – Given the lack of cognates, it is difficult to decide whether ʻassembly, crowd’ is based on ʻto flow copiously, be affluent’ or whether the latter is dependent on the former. The arrangement of the material in root entry √ḤFL in Lane ii (1865) suggests that the collection of water (in a valley, in clouds in the sky, tears in the eye) or milk (in the udder, see ^†[v4]) is the original idea. – Ehret1995#754 thinks the vb. ¹ḥafala ʻto assemble’ is denom. from ḥafl ʻcrowd, large assembly’ which he assumes to be an extension in »noun suffix« *‑l, from a bi-consonantal pre-protSem root *ḤP ‘to take hold of’, from AfrAs *‑ḥap‑ ‘to take hold of’. – Other extensions from the same pre-protSem root: ↗ḤFŠ, ↗ḤFṬ, ↗ḤFN.
▪ [v2] : For DRS, the semantics of [v2] obviously seem too far from [v1] as to assume an etymological relation. Cf., however, Lane ii (1865) where [v2] is explained as the result of semantic expansion from [v1]: ḥafala ’l-qawm ʻthe people collected themselves, aiding one another[!]’, ḥafalū lahū ʻthey combined for him, treating him with honour[!]’. Moreover, there are items in √ḤFL for which it would be difficult to decide to which of the two values they should be assigned – [v1] or [v2]? – e.g., ḥaffala ‘to adorn, decorate’: is this an original *ʻto make affluent’ (from ↗¹ḥafala) or *ʻto apply extra zeal to’ (from ↗³ḥafala ʻto pay attention, attend, give one’s mind to s.th.’, or ↗ḥafīl ‘eager, assiduous, diligent’)? (DRS favours the latter view).
▪ [v3] : a neologism, coined on a PA f. pattern from [v1] ↗¹ḥafala, thus originally meaning *ʻthe busy one (sc. means of transport), or the frequently going one, or (car) for the crowd, or (car) taking a larger crowd’.
▪ ^†[v4] : As mentioned sub [v1], above, the collection of water or milk may be the most original meaning; in this case, [v1] ʻto assemble, gather, agglomerate’ would be a generalization/abstraction from the concrete context (water, milk, tears, …).
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤPL-1 Ar ḥafala ʻaffluer, couler à flots, (se) réunir’, ḥafl ʻnombreux; foule’, ḥaflaẗ ʻtroupe’ -2 ḥafala ʻs’appliquer avec zèle’, ḥaffala ʻorner, embellir’, ḥafl ʻsoin’, Mhr ḥəfūl ʻpréserver’, Ḥrs ḥəfōl ʻprendre garde à soi’, Jib ḥfɔl ʻprêter attention’, Jib ḥɔ́fəl ʻattention’. ?-3 Mhr ḥəfəlīt, Jib ḥfíźə́t ʻfigue (sauvage) mûre’, ḥéfəl ʻmûrir (figue sauvage)’.

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ [v1] : Cohen1969 #111 suggests to compare Eg ḥfn ʻvery large number, (ErmanGrapow1921:) 100 000’.
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▪ [v1] : Ehret1995#754 thinks ḤFL_1 is an extension in *‑l, from pre-protSem *ḤP ‘to take hold of’. Other extensions from the same pre-protSem root: ↗ḤFŠ, ↗ḤFṬ, ↗ḤFN.
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ḥafal‑ حَفَلَ , i (ḥafl)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤFL

vb., I

1 to gather, assemble, congregate; 2a to flow copiously; b to be replete, teem, superabound (bi‑ with). –
3 to pay attention, attend, give one’s mind (bi‑ or li‑ to s.th.), concern o.s. (bi‑ with), make much (bi‑ of), set great store (bi‑ by) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ According to DRS, values [v1] and [v2] belong together (DRS #ḤPL-1), while [v3] has to be distinguished from these as a separate value (DRS #ḤPL-2).
▪ Given the lack of cognates of [v1] and [v2], it is impossible to decide which of the two values should be assumed to be the primary one. The arrangement of the lexical material in root entry √ḤFL in Lane ii (1865) suggests that the collection of water (in a valley, in clouds in the sky, in the eye) or milk (in the udder) is the original meaning from which ʻgathering, assembling, etc.’ is a generalisation/abstraction.
▪ If DRS is right, ¹ˈ²ḥafala is without obvious cognates in Sem, while ³ḥafala has a few cognates in some modSAr idioms.
▪ [v1]-[v2] : Ehret1995#754 thinks the vb. ¹ḥafala ʻto assemble’ is denom. from ḥafl ʻcrowd, large assembly’ which he assumes to be an extension in »noun suffix« *‑l, from a bi-consonantal pre-protSem root *ḤP ‘to take hold of’, from AfrAs *‑ḥap‑ ‘to take hold of’. – Other extensions from the same pre-protSem root: ↗ḤFŠ, ↗ḤFṬ, ↗ḤFN.
▪ [v3] : For DRS the semantics of [v3] (their #ḤPL-2) seem too far from [v1]≡[v2] (their #ḤPL-1) as to assume an etymological relation. Cf., however, Lane ii (1865) where [v3] is explained as the result of semantic expansion from [v1]: ḥafala ’l-qawm ʻthe people collected themselves, aiding one another[!]’, ḥafalū lahū ʻthey combined for him, treating him with honour[!]’. ʻPaying attention, committing o.s. to s.th.’ would thus be an original ʻcoming together, gathering with the purpose of doing s.th. good to s.o. Moreover, there are items in √ḤFL for which it would be difficult to decide to which of the two fields one should assign them – [v1]≡[v2] or [v3]? Cf., e.g., ↗ḥaffala ‘to adorn, decorate’: is this an original *ʻto make affluent’ (from ²ḥafala) or from *ʻto apply extra zeal to’ (from ³ḥafala ʻto pay attention, attend, give one’s mind to s.th.’, or ↗ḥafīl ‘eager, assiduous, diligent’)?
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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►lā ḥaflᵃ bih, quasi-adj., indifferent, of no consequence.

►ḥaffala, vb. II, to adorn, decorate, ornament (s.th. bi‑ with): D-stem, caus., prob. based on ²ḥafala, thus originally *ʻto make replete with s.th.’ But cf. also ↗s.v.
►^BP#3861ĭḥtafala, vb. VIII, 1 to gather, rally, throng together; 2 to celebrate (bi‑ s.th.\s.o.); 3a to concern o.s. (bi‑ or li‑ with), attend, pay attention, give one’s mind (bi‑ or li‑ to s.th.); b to honour, welcome, receive kindly (bi‑ s.o.): Gt-stem, self-ref.; 1 from ¹ˈ²ḥafala; 2 a specialisation from the latter, or denom. from ḥaflaẗ ; 3 from ³ḥafala.
►^BP#1303ḥafl, n., 1a gathering, meeting, assembling; b assembly, congregation, throng, crowd; 2 performance, show, public event; 3a celebration; b feast, festival: vn. I, from ¹ˈ²ḥafala.
►^BP#1732ḥaflaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., 1 assembly, gathering, meeting, congregation; 2 (social or public) event; a party; b show, performance (theater, cinema); c concert; d festivity, ceremony, festival, festive event, celebration: singulative of ḥafl | ḥaflaẗ al-taʔbīn, n.f., commemoration, commemorative ceremony for a deceased person; al-ḥaflaẗ al-ʔūlà, n.f., premiere; ḥaflaẗ ḥāfilaẗ, n.f., numerous assembly; ḥaflaẗ ḫayriyyaẗ, n.f., charity performance, charity event; ḥaflaẗ al-dafn, n.f., funeral ceremony, obsequies; ḥaflaẗ dīniyyaẗ, n.f., religious ceremony, Divine Service; ḥaflaẗ sāhiraẗ and ḥaflaẗ samar, n.f., evening party, soirée; ḥaflaẗ sīnamāʔiyyaẗ, n.f., motion-picture show; ḥaflaẗ al-šāy, n.f., tea party; ḥaflaẗ al-ʕurs, n.f., wedding; ḥaflaẗ al-ĭstiqbāl, n.f., (public) reception; ḥaflaẗ mūsīqiyyaẗ, n.f., concert.
►^BP#4267maḥfil, pl. maḥāfilᵘ, n., 1 assembly, congregation, meeting, gathering; 2 party; 3 body, collective whole; 4 circle, quarter: n.loc., based on ¹ḥafala. | maḥfil māsūnī, n., Masonic lodge; al-maḥāfil al-rasmiyyaẗ\al-siyāsiyyaẗ, nonhum.pl., the official (political) circles or quarters.
►^BP#1556ĭḥtifāl, pl. -āt, n., celebration, ceremony, festival, festivities: vn. VIII.
►ḥāfil, pl. ḥuffal, ḥawāfilᵘ, adj., 1 full (bi‑ of), filled, replete (bi‑ with); 2 abundant, copious, lavish; 3 much frequented, well attended (by visitors, participants, etc.), numerous (of attendance); 4 solemn, ceremonial, festive: PA I.
►^BP#3417ḥāfilaẗ, pl. ‑āt, ḥawāfilᵘ, n.f., autobus: neolog., PA I.f., cf. s.v.
►muḥtafil: al-muḥtafilūn, pl., the participants in a festive event, the celebrators: PA VIII.
►muḥtafal, n., assembly place, gathering place; party; muḥtafal bih, adj., celebrated: PP VIII.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥafīl and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFL.

ḥaffal‑ حَفَّلَ (taḥfīl)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḤFL

vb., II

to adorn, decorate, ornament (s.th. bi‑ with) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ vb. II, D-stem, caus., based either on ↗²ḥafala ʻto flow copiously; to be replete, teem, superabound with’ (ʻadorning, decorating’ thus originally meaning *ʻto make replete, richly embellish with s.th.’), or on ↗³ḥafala ʻto pay attention, attend, give one’s mind to s.th.’ (cf. also ↗ḥafīl ‘eager, assiduous, diligent’) (ʻdecoration, ornament’ thus being the result of *ʻapplying extra zeal to, attending to s.th. with great diligence’). The attestation given in Lane ii (1865) offers yet another explanation: ^†ḥaffala ʻhe collected, or caused to collect, namely water and milk in the udder of a ewe or she-goat\camel\cow, in order to deceive the purchaser, that he might increase the price; he abstained from milking the ewe or she-goat\camel\cow for some days in order that the milk might collect in her udder, for sale’. Thus, ʻdecoration, ornament’ would be, originally, an attempt to cheat: the owner of a she-animal trying to let its udder look fuller than usual.
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▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤPL-2: Ar ḥafala ʻs’appliquer avec zèle’, ḥaffala ʻorner, embellir’, ḥafl ʻsoin’, Mhr ḥəfūl ʻpréserver’, Ḥrs ḥəfōl ʻprendre garde à soi’, Jib ḥfɔl ʻprêter attention’, Jib ḥɔ́fəl ʻattention’.
▪ Cf. perh. also DRS 9 (2010) #ḤPL-1: Ar ḥafala ʻaffluer, couler à flots, (se) réunir’, ḥafl ʻnombreux; foule’, ḥaflaẗ ʻtroupe’.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥafala, ↗ḥaflaẗ, ↗ ḥafīl, ↗ḥāfilaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFL.

ḥaflaẗ حَفْلَة , pl. ‑āt

√ḤFL

n.f.

1 assembly, gathering, meeting, congregation; 2 (social or public) event; a party; b show, performance (theater, cinema); c concert; d festivity, ceremony, festival, festive event, celebration – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Singulativ of ḥafl, which can take almost identical meanings but is used more for the activity of ʻgathering, meeting, assembling’ and ʻassembly, congregation, throng, crowd’, while ḥaflaẗ is used most often in the sense of [v2]. ḥafl is the vn. of ↗¹ḥafala, vb. I, ʻto gather, assemble, congregate’.
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▪ ↗ḥafala
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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►ḥaflaẗ al-taʔbīn, n.f., commemoration, commemorative ceremony for a deceased person;
►al-ḥaflaẗ al-ʔūlà, n.f., premiere;
►ḥaflaẗ ḥāfilaẗ, n.f., numerous assembly;
►ḥaflaẗ ḫayriyyaẗ, n.f., charity performance, charity event;
►ḥaflaẗ al-dafn, n.f., funeral ceremony, obsequies;
►ḥaflaẗ dīniyyaẗ, n.f., religious ceremony, Divine Service;
►ḥaflaẗ sāhiraẗ and ḥaflaẗ samar, n.f., evening party, soirée;
►ḥaflaẗ sīnamāʔiyyaẗ, n.f., motion-picture show;
►ḥaflaẗ al-šāy, n.f., tea party;
►ḥaflaẗ al-ʕurs, n.f., wedding;
►ḥaflaẗ al-ĭstiqbāl, n.f., (public) reception;
►ḥaflaẗ mūsīqiyyaẗ, n.f., concert.

►^BP#3861ĭḥtafala, vb. VIII, 1 to gather, rally, throng together; 2 to celebrate (bi‑ s.th.\s.o.); 3a to concern o.s. (bi‑ or li‑ with), attend, pay attention, give one’s mind (bi‑ or li‑ to s.th.); b to honour, welcome, receive kindly (bi‑ s.o.): Gt-stem, self-ref.
►^BP#1556ĭḥtifāl, pl. -āt, n., celebration, ceremony, festival, festivities: vn. VIII.
►muḥtafil: al-muḥtafilūn, pl., the participants in a festive event, the celebrators: PA VIII.
►muḥtafal, n., assembly place, gathering place; party; muḥtafal bih, adj., celebrated: PP VIII.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥafala, ↗ḥaffala, ↗ḥafīl, ↗ḥāfilaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFL.

ḥafīl حَفيل

√ḤFL

adj.

eager, assiduous, diligent – WehrCowan1976.

▪ An ints./adj. formation based on ³ḥafala ʻto pay attention, attend, give one’s mind to s.th., concern o.s. with, make much of, set great store by’. Due to scarce attestation in Sem, the latter’s relation, if any, to ¹ˈ²ḥafala ʻto gather, assemble, congregate; to flow copiously, be replete, teem, superabound with’ has remained obscure so far.
▪ ↗ḥaffala ʻto adorn, decorate, ornament’ may be an original *ʻto attend to s.th. with great diligence, enthusiasm, zeal’, thus be akin to ḥafīl or even a denom.-applicative D-stem coined from it (unless from the vb. I, ³ḥafala, see above). For another possible etymology, cf. ↗s.v.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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►ḥaffala, vb. II, to adorn, decorate, ornament (s.th. bi‑ with): D-stem, perh. denom. applic. from ḥafīl, thus originally meaning *ʻto attend to s.th. with great diligence, enthusiasm, zeal’; cf., however, also ↗s.v..
►^BP#3861ĭḥtafala, vb. VIII, 1-2 ↗¹ḥafala, ↗¹ˈ²ḥaflaẗ; 3a to concern o.s. (bi‑ or li‑ with), attend, pay attention, give one’s mind (bi‑ or li‑ to s.th.); b to honour, welcome, receive kindly (bi‑ s.o.): Gt-stem, self-ref.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥafala, ↗ḥaffala, ↗ḥaflaẗ, ↗ḥāfilaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFL.

ḥāfilaẗ حافِلَة , pl. ‑āt, ḥawāfilᵘ

√ḤFL

n.f.

autobus; street car – WehrCowan1979.

▪ A neologism, coined on the FāʕiLaẗ (PA I.f.) pattern, understood either as the f. form of adj. ḥāfil (↗ḥafala) as *ʻthe full/filled one’ (sc., car, means of transport) or *ʻthe much frequented, well attended one, the one that can take a large crowd’, or directly from ḥafala, as *ʻthe frequently going one’.
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▪ ↗ḥafala.
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▪ See above, section CONC.
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For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ḥafala, ↗ḥaffala, ↗ḥaflaẗ, ↗ḥafīl, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤFL.

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