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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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ḤLW/Y حلو/حلي 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 23Feb2021
√ḤLW 
“root” 
▪ ḤLW/Y_1 ‘sweet, pleasant to the tongue; pleasant, charming, pretty’ ↗ḥulw, ‘candy, confection, sweetmeats’ ↗ḥalwà
▪ ḤLW/Y_2 ‘adornment, decoration, jewelry’ ↗ḥaly
▪ ḤLW/Y_3 ‘…’ ↗ḥlw/y
▪ …

▪ BAH2008: ‘ornament, jewellery, to adorn, to grace; dowry, gratuity; sweet, to sweeten, to enjoy’ 
▪ In Sem, the two values ‘to be sweet, pleasant to the tongue’ and ‘to adorn’ exist alongside each other. It is difficult to decide which was the primary, which the secondary one.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 (#1225) reconstruct: Sem *ḥ˅law‑/*ḥalaw‑ ‘to be sweet’, based on biconsonantal *ḥal‑, from AfrAs *ḥal‑ ‘to be sweet’.
▪ …
 
– 
DRS 9 (2010) #ḤLW/Y: EmpAram ḥly, BiblAram ḥᵃlā, ḥalī, Syr ḥᵊlī, Mnd ḫlā, Ar ḥalà, ḥaliya ‘être doux, agréable au goût’, SAr ḥalwi: chose sucrée, Mhr ḥōli ‘agréable’, šəḥlū, Jib s̃ḥɛlé ‘trouver agréable’. – Hbr ḥᵃlī ‘collier, parure’, Ar ḥaly ‘ornement, parure, bijou’, ḥalà(y) ‘orner de pierreries, de bijoux’. – Hbr māḥᵃlat: terme technique de musique, Ar muḥallī ‘musicien’, Gz ḥalaya, Te ḥala, Amh ḥalläyä ‘chanter’; Tña ḥaläyä ‘chant’, Amh maḥlet ‘hymne’. – Ar ḥalà ‘donner qc à qn’, ḥilwān ‘cadeau, don’, Sab Min ḥly ‘don’, Soq ḥole ‘donner’; Gz ʔaḥlaya, ʔaḥallaya ‘donner un pot-de-vin’, ḥəlyān ‘pot-de-vin, don, récompense’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 (#1225): No cognates given for Sem, but in WCh (Hs gállā́ ‘sweet juice sucked from the abdomen of a hornet’), allí ‘sweet’ in 1 CCh lang, and hal-am‑ ‘sweet’ in 1 Rift idiom.
▪ …
 
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 (#1225) reconstruct protSem *ḥalaw‑/*ḥ˅law‑ ‘to be sweet’, protWCh *ḥal‑ (StarLing *ḥall‑) (deverb. n.) ‘sweet juice sucked from the abdomen of a hornet’ (based on Hs), protCCh *χal‑ (StarLing *Hal‑) ‘sweet’ (based on 1 CCh item), and protRift *hal‑ ‘sweet’ (based on 1 Rift item; Starling: Ø).
▪ …
 
▪ Engl halvahḥalwà
– 
ḥulw حُلْو 
ID … • Sw – • BP 255 • APD … • © SG | 23Feb2021
√ḤLW/Y 
adj. 
1 sweet; 2 pleasant, nice, charming, delightful, pretty – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ (Orel&Stolbova1994 #1225:) from Sem *ḥ˅law‑/*ḥalaw‑ ‘to be sweet’, based on biconsonantal *ḥal‑, from AfrAs *ḥal‑ ‘to be sweet’.
▪ …
 
▪ … 
DRS 9 (2010) #ḤLW/Y: EmpAram ḥly, BiblAram ḥᵃlā, ḥalī, Syr ḥᵊlī, Mnd ḫlā, Ar ḥalà, ḥaliya ‘être doux, agréable au goût’, SAr ḥalwi: chose sucrée, Mhr ḥōli ‘agréable’, šəḥlū, Jib s̃ḥɛlé ‘trouver agréable’. – Hbr ḥᵃlī ‘collier, parure’, Ar ḥaly ‘ornement, parure, bijou’, ḥalà(y) ‘orner de pierreries, de bijoux’. – Hbr māḥᵃlat: terme technique de musique, Ar muḥallī ‘musicien’, Gz ḥalaya, Te ḥala, Amh ḥalläyä ‘chanter’; Tña ḥaläyä ‘chant’, Amh maḥlet ‘hymne’. – Ar ḥalà ‘donner qc à qn’, ḥilwān ‘cadeau, don’, Sab Min ḥly ‘don’, Soq ḥole ‘donner’; Gz ʔaḥlaya, ʔaḥallaya ‘donner un pot-de-vin’, ḥəlyān ‘pot-de-vin, don, récompense’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 (#1225): No cognates given for Sem, but in WCh (Hs gállā́ ‘sweet juice sucked from the abdomen of a hornet’), allí ‘sweet’ in 1 CCh lang, and hal-am‑ ‘sweet’ in 1 Rift idiom.
▪ …
 
▪ …
 
▪ Engl halvahḥalwà
NB: Below, only the derivatives of the value *‘sweetness’ are given. For others, esp. those of the (most prob. related) *‘adornment, jewelry’, cf. ↗ḥaly and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤLW/Y.

ḥulw al-ḥadīt, n., adj., gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining;
al-ġuddaẗ al-ḥulwaẗ, n.f., pancreas (anat.).

BP#3940ḥaluwa, u, var. ḥaliya, a, and ḥalā, u (ḥalāwaẗ, ḥulwān), vb. I, 1 to be sweet; 2 to be pleasant, agreeable (li‑ to s.o.) | ḥalā la-hū al-šayʔ, expr., he enjoyed the thing; ḥalā la-hū ʔanna, expr., it pleased him that…, he was delighted that …; ḥasabamā ḥalā la-hū, expr., at his discretion, as he pleases
ḥallà, vb. II, 1 to sweeten (s.th., e.g., a beverage with sugar); 2ḥaly: D-stem, caus.
ĭstaḥlà, vb. X, to find sweet or pleasant, like (s.th.), be delighted (by): *Št-stem, declar.

ḥalan, def. ḥalà, n., sweetness, pleasantness.
BP#4114ḥalwà, pl. ḥalāwà, n., candy, confection, confectionery, sweetmeats.
ḥalwāʔᵘ, n., candy, confection, confectionery, sweetmeats: f. of elat. BP#1309ʔaḥlà.
BP#4909ḥalwayāt (and Eg. ḥalwiyyāt), n.pl., 1a sweets (in general); b sweet pastry; c candies, confectionery, sweetmeats.
BP#4201ḥalāwaẗ, n.f., 1 sweetness; 2 candies, confectionery, sweetmeats; 3 grace, gracefulness, charm, refinement, wittiness, wit; 4 present of money; 5 ransom: vn. I and fig. use. | ḥalāwaẗ ḥummuṣiyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of roasted chick-peas; ḥalāwaẗ ṭaḥīniyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of sesame-seed meal; ḥalāwaẗ lawziyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of almonds.
ḥulwān, n., present of money, gratuity, tip: fig. use of *ʻsweetness, sweets’.
ḥulwānī, var. ḥalwāʔī, n., 1 confectioner, candy dealer; 2 pastry cook, fancy baker: nisba formation.
mā ʔuḥaylà…, expr., oh, how sweet is …: exclam. | mā ʔuḥaylā-hu, oh, how sweet he is!
muḥallan, det. muḥallà, adj., 1 sweetened; 2ḥaly: PP II. 
ḥaly حَلْي , pl. ḥulīy 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 23Feb2021
√ḤLW/Y 
n. 
piece of jewelry, trinket – WehrCowan1976. 
▪ …
 
▪ … 
DRS 9 (2010) #ḤLW/Y: EmpAram ḥly, BiblAram ḥᵃlā, ḥalī, Syr ḥᵊlī, Mnd ḫlā, Ar ḥalà, ḥaliya ‘être doux, agréable au goût’, SAr ḥalwi: chose sucrée, Mhr ḥōli ‘agréable’, šəḥlū, Jib s̃ḥɛlé ‘trouver agréable’. – Hbr ḥᵃlī ‘collier, parure’, Ar ḥaly ‘ornement, parure, bijou’, ḥalà(y) ‘orner de pierreries, de bijoux’. – Hbr māḥᵃlat: terme technique de musique, Ar muḥallī ‘musicien’, Gz ḥalaya, Te ḥala, Amh ḥalläyä ‘chanter’; Tña ḥaläyä ‘chant’, Amh maḥlet ‘hymne’. – Ar ḥalà ‘donner qc à qn’, ḥilwān ‘cadeau, don’, Sab Min ḥly ‘don’, Soq ḥole ‘donner’; Gz ʔaḥlaya, ʔaḥallaya ‘donner un pot-de-vin’, ḥəlyān ‘pot-de-vin, don, récompense’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 (#1225): No cognates given for Sem, but in WCh (Hs gállā́ ‘sweet juice sucked from the abdomen of a hornet’), allí ‘sweet’ in 1 CCh lang, and hal-am‑ ‘sweet’ in 1 Rift idiom.
▪ …
 
▪ …
 
– 
NB: Below, only the derivatives of the value *‘adornment, jewelry’ are given. For others, esp. those of the (most prob. related) *‘sweetness’, cf. ↗ḥulw, ↗ḥalwà, and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤLW/Y.

ḥalà, i, vb. I, to adorn, grace.
ḥaliya, a, vb. I, to be adorned (bi‑ with).
ḥallà, vb. II, 1ḥulw; 2 to adorn, bedeck, embellish, attire, furnish, provide (s.o., s.th., bi‑ with): D-stem, caus.
taḥallà, vb. V, to adorn o.s., be adorned, decked out, embellished, graced, endowed, furnished, provided (bi‑ with): Dt-stem, refl./pass.

ḥilyaẗ, pl. ḥilan, var. ḥulan, n., 1a decoration, embellishment, finery; b ornament.
taḥliyaẗ, n.f., decoration , embellishment, ornamentation: vn. II.
muḥallan, det. muḥallà, adj., 1ḥulw; 2 decorated, embellished, adorned, ornamented (bi‑ with): PP II. 
ḥalwà حَلْوَى , pl. ḥalāwà 
ID 230 • Sw – • BP 4114 • APD … • © SG | 23Feb2021
√ḤLW 
n.f. 
candy, confection, confectionery, sweetmeats – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ ↗ḥulw
▪ …
 
▪ … 
▪ ↗ḥulw
▪ …
 
▪ ↗ḥulw
▪ …
 
▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl halvah, from Ar ḥalwà ‘confection’, from ḥaluwa ‘to be(come) sweet, pleasant’. 
NB: The list below contains only those items that can be regarded as directly derived from ḥalwà. For other items from the root, cf. ↗ḥulw, ↗ḥaly, and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤLW/Y.

ḥalwāʔᵘ, n., candy, confection, confectionery, sweetmeats: f. of elat. BP#1309ʔaḥlà.
BP#4909ḥalwayāt (and Eg. ḥalwiyyāt), n.pl., 1a sweets (in general); b sweet pastry; c candies, confectionery, sweetmeats.
BP#4201ḥalāwaẗ, n.f., 1 sweetness; 2 candies, confectionery, sweetmeats; 3 grace, gracefulness, charm, refinement, wittiness, wit; 4 present of money; 5 ransom: vn. I and concr. use. | ḥalāwaẗ ḥummuṣiyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of roasted chick-peas; ḥalāwaẗ ṭaḥīniyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of sesame-seed meal; ḥalāwaẗ lawziyyaẗ, n.f., a sweet made of almonds.
ḥulwānī, var. ḥalwāʔī, n., 1 confectioner, candy dealer; 2 pastry cook, fancy baker: nisba formation.
mā ʔuḥaylà…, expr., oh, how sweet is …: exclam. | mā ʔuḥaylā-hu, oh, how sweet he is!
muḥallan, det. muḥallà, adj., 1 sweetened; 2ḥaly: PP II.

 
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