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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḪBZ خبز 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪBZ 
“root” 
▪ ḪBZ_1 ‘bread’ ↗ḫubz
▪ ḪBZ_2 ‘mallow’ ↗ḫubbāz

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘1 to beat with two hands, drive hard; 2 to subside, be beaten low; 3 to knead, bake, a baker, bread’ 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ḪBZ-1 Ar ḫubz ‘pain’, Mhr ḫəbūz, Ḥrs ḫebōz, Jib ḫōz ‘faire du pain’, Mhr, Jib Ḥrs ḫabz ‘pain’, Gz ḫabaza, Amh abbäzä ‘faire cuire le pain’, Te ḥəbbäzät ‘pain rond épais’, Gz ḫəbəst ‘pain’, ḫabbasa ‘faire le pain’, Tña ḫabəsti: sorte de pain de froment, hostie, pain d’autel pour la messe, ḫibist: pain sacramentel. -2 CollAr ḫubbāz, ḫubbayzaẗ, ḫubbēzaẗ, ḫəbbēzaẗ ‘mauve (plante )’, Gz ḫəbəst, Tña ḫəbəsti, Te ḫəbbəzät, Gur Ed ḫabz ‘cire d’abeille’. -3 MġrAr ḫbez ‘parler à tort et à travers; rouer de coups’, tḫābəz ‘se combattre par des intrigues’. -4 Ḥass ḫabze ‘creux de la main’. -5 Min ḫbz: bloc de pierre.
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ḫubz خُبْز , pl. أخْباز ʔaḫbāz 
ID 248 • Sw – • BP 2153 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪBZ 
n. 
bread – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ The word is generally regarded as a borrowing from Ethiopic that is to be found already in the Q. 
▪ eC7 (bread) Q 12:36 ʔinnī ʔarānī ʔaḥmilu fawqa raʔsī ḫubzan taʔkulu ’l‑ṭayru minhu ‘I see myself carrying on my head bread from which the birds are eating’. 
▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ḪBZ-1 Ar ḫubz ‘pain’, Mhr ḫəbūz, Ḥrs ḫebōz, Jib ḫōz ‘faire du pain’, Mhr, Jib Ḥrs ḫabz ‘pain’, Gz ḫabaza, Amh abbäzä ‘faire cuire le pain’, Te ḥəbbäzät ‘pain rond épais’, Gz ḫəbəst ‘pain’, ḫabbasa ‘faire le pain’, Tña ḫabəsti: sorte de pain de froment, hostie, pain d’autel pour la messe, ḫibist: pain sacramentel.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1364: Within Sem, Ar ḫubz has cognates in Gz ḫəbəst, Ḥrs ḫabz, Mhr ḫabz, Śḥr ḫobz, all meaning ‘bread’. From these forms an original Sem root *ḫubz‑ may be reconstructed. Outside Sem, one finds a vuǯi ‘millet’ in a CCh language, and a buzu ‘seed’ in a ECh one, whence the authors reconstruct CCh *buʒ‑ and ECh *bus‑, both of which do not have the initial laryngeal of Sem. Orel&Stolbova explain this as loss of the initial sound and reconstruct AfrAs *ḫubuʒ‑ ‘cereal’. However, based on the Chad evidence where the initial *ḫu‑ is missing, they note that this *ḫu‑ may be a prefix in AfrAs (which then would have been preserved in Sem).
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▪ Jeffery1938, 121-22: »It occurs only in the baker’s dream in the Joseph story. – The word is from the Eth [Gz] as Nöldeke, Neue Beiträge, 56, has noted, pointing out that bread is an uncommon luxury to the Arabs, but literally the staff of life among the Abyssinians, and therefore a word much more likely to have been borrowed by the Arabs than from them. [Gz] ḫabaza is ‘to bake’ in general, and ‘to bake bread’ in particular, ḫabbāzī is a ‘baker’, as e.g. in the Joseph story, and ḫəbəst is ‘bread’, the z being modified to s before t, and was probably earlier *ḫəbəzt, as is indicated by the common Tigré word ḥəbəzt used for a popular kind of bread. It was probably an early borrowing into Ar, for the root has become well naturalized and many forms have been built from it.«
▪ Leslau 1979 ("Semitic roots"): cf. Gur ḫäbs.
▪ Schall1982: a loan, to be found already in the Q, from Gz ḫəbəst ‘bread’.
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► ḫabaza, i (ḫabz), vb. I, and ĭḫtabaza, vb. VIII, to bake (bread): denom. (?)

► ḫubzaẗ, n.f., loaf of bread: n.un.
► ḫabbāz, pl. ‑ūn, n., baker: n.prof.
► ḫibāzaẗ, n.f., baker’s trade, art of baking: vn. I.
► maḫbzaẗ, n., maḫbazaẗ, n.f., pl. maḫābizᵘ, bakery: n.loc.
 
ḫubbāz خُبَّاز , var. ḫubbayz, ḫubbāzà 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪBZ 
n. 
mallow (bot.) – WehrCowan1979. 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ḪBZ-2 CollAr ḫubbāz, ḫubbayzaẗ, ḫubbēzaẗ, ḫəbbēzaẗ ‘mauve (plante )’, Gz ḫəbəst, Tña ḫəbəsti, Te ḫəbbəzät, Gur Ed ḫabz ‘cire d’abeille’.
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