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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḪRŠF خرشف 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪRŠF 
“root” 
▪ ḪRŠF_1 ‘artichoke’ ↗ḫuršūf

Other values, now obsolete (Hava1899):
  • ḪRŠF_2 ‘hard and rugged ground’: †ḫiršāf
  • ḪRŠF_3 ‘to stir; uncouth speech’: †ḫaršafaẗ
  • ḪRŠF_4 ‘’:
 
▪ …
 
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▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ḪRŚP-1 Ar ḫiršāf ‘sol raboteux’. -2 ḫaršafaẗ ‘confusion dans les paroles’. -3 ḫaršūf ‘artichaut’, MġrAr ḫəršəf ‘cardon’. -4 MġrAr ḫəršəf ‘bourgeonner (nez, visage), se couperoser’ 
▪ ḪRŠF_1 perhaps from mPers, cf. ↗ḫuršūf 
▪ See ↗ḫuršūf. 
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ḫuršūf خُرْشوف , pl. ḫarāšīfᵘ 
ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḪRŠF 
n.coll. (n.un. ‑aẗ) 
artichoke – WehrCowan1979. 
▪ Etymology obscure. According to Rolland2014a perhaps from mPers ḫār-šōb ‘stick with thorns’ (in which the element ḫār goes back to IE *kar‑ / *ker‑ ‘hard’, and šōb is from oPers čop ‘stick’).
▪ The Ar word is the etymon of Eur words for ‘artichoke’. The Arabs probably used the plant in medicine, thanks to the bitter chemical constituent cynarine contained in it (Osman2002). Artichokes were known in Italy by the 1450s, brought to Florence from Naples in 1466. 
▪ … 
▪ DRS 10 (2012)#ḪRŚP-1-2 […]. -3 ḫaršūf ‘artichaut’, MġrAr ḫəršəf ‘cardon’. -4 […].
▪ … 
▪ Hava1899 marks ḫuršūf as specifically EgAr.
▪ Relation to other items of the root ↗ḪRŠF unclear. 
▪ Lokotsch1927#833, Osman2002, Kluge2002, :
▪ Ar ḫuršūf > HispAr (with article) al-ḫaršūfa > oSpan alcarcofa (> Span alcarchofo, alcachofa, Port alcachofra), > It carciofo > NIt articiocco, whence Fr artichaut, Prov arquichaut, archichaut; Du artisjok, Engl artichoke (1530 s), Ge Artischocke (first attested 1556); Ru artišok, Cz artičok, Pol karczoch, Ukr karčocha.
▪ Folk etymology has twisted the word in several languages. The NIt articiocco which is the direct source for the Fr, Engl, Ge words, got its [k] (instead of earlier forms with [f]) probably under influence of ciocco ‘stump’. In Engl, the ending -choke is probably from choke itself. Early forms of the word in Engl include archecokk, hortichock, artychough, hartichoake (). In Ge, also the variant Erdschocke (first part from Erde ‘earth, soil’) is known.
▪ Other derivations (as, e.g., from Grk artytiká ‘spicy, preserved vegetables’ or from the mod Ar popular etymology ʔarḍī šawkī) have been proven to be untenable. 
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