▪ ḪLQ_1 ‘to create, shape, form, mold’ ↗ḫalaqa ▪ ḪLQ_2 ‘portion, share’ ↗ḫalāq ▪ ḪLQ_3 ‘morals, ethics’ ↗ʔaḫlāq♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to create, originate, design, creation, the entire creation, the human race; natural disposition, innate nature; to be shapely, comely; to deal tactfully with others, assume a certain disposition; to attribute falsely; to estimate; to be of good character; luck, share; to be capable; (of a garment) to wear out; a fragrant substance’
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▪ DRS 10 (2012) #ḪLQ-1 Akk ḫalāqu ‘être perdu, disparaître, périr, s’enfuir’, ḫalq ‘fuyard’, ḫulq‑ ‘mauvais’, Ug ḫlq ‘périr ; être absent’, ḫlq ‘mauvais’, Hbr ḥilleq ‘détruire’, ḥālaq ‘être uni, lisse; insinuant, hypocrite’, Ar ḫaliqa, ḫaluqa ‘être usé, râpé (vêtement)’, Gz ḫalqa ‘être consumé, détruit, périr’, Tña ḥaläqä ‘finir, être fini’, Te ḥalqa ‘mourir sans avoir été abattu (animal)’, Amh Gur alläqä, Arg alläqa ‘finir, être fini, consumé’. – Akk ḫulāq‑ ‘vêtement usagé’, nHbr ḥālūq, JP ḥᵃlūqā ‘sous-vêtement’, Mhr Ḥrs ḫəlēq, Soq ḥaloq ‘habit, vêtement’. -2 Hbr ḥālaq ‘diviser, partager’, ḥȩlɛq ‘part’, BiblAram ḥᵃlāq ‘part, portion’, Syr ḥᵊlaq ‘distribuer, attribuer’, Nab ḥlq ‘créer’, Ar ḫalaqa ‘mesurer, former, composer, créer; rendre lisse, uni’, ḫalāq ‘part de bonheur attribué’, Liḥ ḥalāqat ‘portion’, Sab ḫlq ‘champ’, Min ḫlq ‘décision’, Jib ḫoloq ‘créer’, formes de passif: ḫiźiq, Mhr ḫalēq, Ḥrs ḫelēq ‘être né, créé, fait’, Soq ḥalqah ‘forme’, Gz ḫʷalaqʷa ‘compter, énumérer’, Gz Tña ḥəlqʷ ‘nombre, compte’, Amh əlq, əlqo ‘nombre’, Har ḥēläqa, Gur aläqä ‘compter’. -3 Mhr ḫəwḳāt, Ḥrs ḫəlḳāt ‘bouton d’acné, pustule’. ▪ … ▪ …
▪ eC7 Q ii, 96, 196; iii, 71; ix, 70 – Jeffery1938.
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▪ Jeffery1938: »As a technical term for the portion of good allotted man by God this term occurs only in Madinan passages. In Sūra ix, it refers to man’s portion in this world, and in Sūras ii and iii to man’s portion in the life to come, the two latter passages indeed, as Margoliouth, MW, xviii, 78, notes, being practically a quotation from the Talmud (cf. Sanh, 90a, ʔyn lhm ḥlq l-ʕwlm). / It seems clear that it is a technical term of non- Arabic origin, for though the primitive sense of ḫalaqa is ‘to measure’ (cf. Eth [Gz] ḫʷalaqʷa ‘to enumerate’), its normal sense in Qurʔānic usage is ‘to create’, and this Madinan use of ḫalāq in the sense of ‘portion’ follows that of the older religions. Thus Hbr ḥälqâʰ [also ḥᵃluqqâʰ] is a ‘portion’ given by God, cf. Job xx, 29, and Aram ḥwlqʔ means a ‘portion in both worlds’ (cf. Baba Bathra, 122a, and Buxtorf, Lex. 400). Syr ḥelqā means rather ‘lot’ or ‘fate’, i.e. moîra as in ḥelqā d-mōtā = moîra θanátou, though in the ChrPal dialect ḥwlqā means ‘portion’, i.e. méros.1
/ It is noteworthy that the Lexicons, which define it as al-ḥaẓẓ wa’l-naṣīb min al-ḫayr wa’l-ṣalāḥ,2
seem to interpret it from the Qurʔān, and the only verse they quote in illustration is from Ḥassān b. Ṯābit, which is certainly under Qurʔānic influence. Horovitz, JPN, 198 ff., thinks that the origin is Jewish, but Phoen ḥlq is also ‘to divide, apportion’ (Harris, Glossary, 102), so that the word may have been used in the Syro-Palestinian area among other groups.«