Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḪWL_1 ʻ(maternal) uncle’ ↗¹ḫāl
▪ ḪWL_2 ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves); servants; (EgAr) dancer, effeminate person’ ↗ḫawal; ʻoverseer (of a plantation), gardener’ ↗ḫawlī; ʻto authorize’ ↗ḫawwala
▪ ḪWL_3 ʻmole, birthmark (on the face); patch, beauty spot’ ↗²ḫāl (s.r. √ḪYL)

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

▪ ^†ḪWL_4 ʻlower part of the bit’ : ^†ḫawal (pl. ḫuwal)
▪ ^†ḪWL_5 ʻcolours of an army’ : ^†ḫāl
▪ ^†ḪWL_6 ʻblack stallion-camel’ : ^†ḫāl
▪ ^†ḪWL_7 ʻbox-thorn’ : ʕawd al-^†ḫawlān
▪ ^†ḪWL_8 ʻscattered on all sides (adv.)’: ^†ʔaḫwalᵃ ʔaḫwalᵃ
▪ ^†ḪWL_ ʻ…’ : …

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): (There is a degree of overlap between this root and ḪYL) ‘maternal uncle, maternal aunt; household, servants, helpers; ownership, property; to give in ownership, to bestow; to authorise, to enable; an overseer; to show pride, to scatter’

▪ [v1] Kogan2011: from protWSem *ḫāl‑ ‘maternal uncle’.
▪ [v2] DRS is not sure whether ʻproperty; to guard, administer (property); to authorize s.o.’ perh. depends on, or is related to, [v1] ʻmaternal uncle’. – For unknown reasons, DRS separates ʻdancer, effeminate person’ from ʻproperty (livestock, slaves); servants’ although it seems clear that the former is a derogatory development from the latter.
▪ [v3]: grouped s.r. √ḪWL in WehrCowan, but treated s.r. √ḪYL in DRS – prob. rightly so, as it seems to belong together with the appearance of omina and the complex of imagination.
▪ ^†[v4] : mentioned also in Lane, but obviously regarded as dubious by many ClassAr lexicographers.
▪ ^†[v5] : prob. from ↗√ḪYL rather from √ḪWL.
▪ ^†[v6] : special use of [v2] ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves)’?
▪ ^†[v7] : ?
▪ ^†[v8] : ?

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▪ DRS 10 (2012) #ḪWL-1 Akk ḫāl‑, Palm ḥl ‘oncle maternel’, Nab *ḥlh ‘tante’, Syr ḥālā, Ar ḫāl, Ṣaf ḫl, Mhr Ḥrs ḫayl, Jib ḥiź, Soq ḥel (Kogan2011: ḥalēle) ‘oncle maternel’. – ?2 Ar ḫāla ‘garder, gérer, administrer’, ḫawal ‘biens, avoir’; Min ḫwl ‘personne autorisée’, Qat šḫl ‘diriger, administrer’, ?MġrAr ḫāl ‘octroyer, assigner’. -3 Ar ḫuwāl ‘jeune garçon danseur’, EgAr ḫawal ‘danseur, efféminé, homosexuel passif’, SudAr ḫawal: terme de mépris par lequel on traite l’homme qui manque de virilité; ḫawl d’un homme: sa domesticité. -4 EAr maḫyūl ‘somnolent’. -5 Akk ḫālu, ḫuālu ‘fondre, se dissoudre; exsuder, répandre un liquide’. -6 Akk ḫūl‑ ‘chemin, route’. -7 Jib aḫbel ‘provoquer (en ayant mal posé une attelle) la saillie d’un os cassé sous la peau d’un animal’, ḫoblun ‘maladroit’.
▪ …
▪ …

▪ As is clear from [v3] and [v5], there is some overlapping between √ḪWL and √ḪYL.
▪ For [v1] and [v2], cf. also ↗√ḤW/YL (e.g., ḥawl ‘strength, power, might’ < protSem *ḥayl‑/*ḫayl‑ ‘strength’ – Kogan2015: 118 #12? – If there is such a connection, the ʻmaternal uncle’ is perh. *ʻthe powerful one (due to his possession of property, incl. livestock and slaves)’.
▪ …
▪ …

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ḫawwal‑ خَوَّلَ (taḫwīl)

ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḪWL

vb., II

to grant, accord, give, concede (to s.o. s.th., also li‑; esp., the right, the power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (upon s.o. s.th., also li‑), vest, endow (s.o. with s.th., also li‑) – WehrCowan1976.

▪ D-stem, caus., from the obs. vb. I, ^†ḫāla ʻto manage (a business etc.), take care (ʕalà of)’ (Hava1899), perh. denom. from ↗ḫawal ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves); servants’. Thus, the power\auhority bestowed upon s.o. through the action expressed in vb. II is, originally, the right to manage\control one’s livestock, servants, and slaves.
▪ If the ʻmaternal uncle’, ↗¹ḫāl, should be akin to ↗ḫawal ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves); servants’ (as considered possible in DRS, the granting of authority could also be interpreted as *ʻmaking s.o. the “uncle” of livestock, slaves, servants, etc., i.e., its/their master’.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ See above, section CONCISE.
▪ …

–

► muḫawwal, adj., authorized (bi‑ to): PP II.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗¹ḫāl, ↗²ḫāl, ↗ḫawal, and ↗ḫawlī, as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗√ḪWL and ↗√ḪYL.

¹ḫāl خال , pl. ʔaḫwāl, huʔūl, ḫuʔūlaẗ

√ḪWL

1 (maternal) uncle – WehrCowan1976. – 2 (pl. ḫīlān) ↗²ḫāl (√ḪYL).

▪ Kogan2011: from protWSem *ḫāl‑ ‘maternal uncle’.
▪ DRS does not exclude the possibility that ʻmaternal uncle’, ¹ḫāl, may be akin somehow to the complex of ʻadministring’, or granting the right\power to administer, ↗ḫawal ʻchattels, property (livestock, slaves); servants’, so that either the former is dependent on the latter (the maternal uncle as *ʻowner\master of property, servants, slaves, etc.’), or vice versa (livestock and other property as *ʻs.th. under the control\administration of a maternal uncle’).
▪ …

▪ …

▪ See above, section CONCISE.
▪ …

–

► ^BP#2962ḫālaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., (maternal) aunt
► ḫuʔūlaẗ, n.f., relationship of the maternal uncle

For other values of the root, cf. ↗²ḫāl, ↗ḫawal, ↗ḫawlī, and ↗ḫawwala, as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗√ḪWL and ↗√ḪYL.

ḫawal خَوَل

√ḪWL

1 chattels, property, esp., that consisting in livestock and slaves; 2 servants; 3 (EgAr) dancer; 4 effeminate person, sissy – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Either is ḫawal from the obs. vb. I, ^†ḫāla ʻto manage (a business etc.), take care (ʕalà of)’ (Hava1899), property etc. being interpreted as *ʻs.th. under the authority\control of s.o.’, or it is the other way round and the vb. I is denom. from ḫawal, in which case ʻmanaging a business etc.’ originally would be ʻadministering chattels, property, etc.’.
▪ If the ʻmaternal uncle’, ↗¹ḫāl, should be akin to ḫawal (as is considered possible in DRS), the granting of authority could also be interpreted as *ʻmaking s.o. the “uncle” of livestock, slaves, servants, etc., i.e., its/their master’.
▪ It is not clear why DRS treats [v1-2] ʻchattels, property’, esp., that consisting in ʻlivestock and slaves; servants’ (their #ḪWL-2, see below, section COGN) as distinct from [v3-4] ʻdancer; effeminate person, sissy’ (their #ḪWL-3), while the latter meaning (an Arabic idiosyncrasy!) quite obviously seems to be a special – derogatory – use of the former: servants and slaves would be considered weak, their masters (“uncles”?) having the power to “let them dance”. Dancing slaves may also have been part of the owner’s property.
▪ …

▪ …

▪ See above, section CONCISE.
▪ …

–

► ḫawwala, vb. II, to grant, accord, give, concede (to s.o. s.th., also li‑; esp., the right, the power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (upon s.o. s.th., also li‑), vest, endow (s.o. with s.th., also li‑): D-stem, caus., from the obs. vb. I, ^†ḫāla ʻto manage (a business etc.), take care (ʕalà of)’.

► ḫawlī, n., 1 supervisor, overseer (of a plantation); 2 gardener: nisba formation, perh. shortened from *ḫawalī ʻin charge of property, etc.’.
► muḫawwal, adj., authorized (bi‑ to): PP II.

For other values of the root, cf. ↗¹ḫāl and ↗²ḫāl as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗√ḪWL and ↗√ḪYL.

ḫawlī خَوْليّ

√ḪWL

1 supervisor, overseer (of a plantation); 2 gardener – WehrCowan1976.

▪ Nisba formation, perh. shortened from *ḫawalī ʻin charge of property, etc.’, from ↗ḫawal ʻchattels, property (esp. livestock, slaves, etc.)’, akin to the obsol. vb. I, ^†ḫāla ʻto manage (a business etc.), take care (ʕalà of)’ (Hava1899).
▪ DRSḫāl, belongs to this complex (see below, section COGN).
▪ …

▪ …

▪ See above, section CONCISE.
▪ …

–

For other values of the root, cf. ↗¹ḫāl, ↗²ḫāl, ↗ḫawal, and ↗ḫawwala, as well as, for the whole picture, root entries ↗√ḪWL and ↗√ḪYL.

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