Bibliotheca Polyglotta

The basic idea in (W)Sem seems to be that of doing s.th. relentlessly and with great effort (and pain), over a longer period. From there, the notions of ‘persistence’ (Ar vb.), ‘becoming tired’ (Hbr, Mand) or ‘to melt, be worried, to grieve, pine away’ (JP, Hbr) as well as that of ‘habit’ (Ar n.) may have developed.

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DRS 3 (1995)#DʔB: Hbr *dāʔab ‘languir’, dᵉʔābōn ‘faiblesse, langeur’, nHbr hidʔīb ‘couler, fondre’; JP dᵉʔēb ‘couler, se tourmenter, s’inquiéter’, dᵉʔābā ‘tristesse, angoisse’, Mand dʔb ‘languir’, Ar daʔaba ‘travailler assidûment à qc., peiner, faire effort’, daʔb‑ ‘état, condition’, ʔadʔub (pl.) ‘habitude, coutume’, daʔban ‘habituellement, sur le champ’, MorAr dābā ‘maintenant’; Ḥaḍr dʔb ‘exécuter un travail’.

▪ The Ar vb. daʔaba seems to have best preserved what probably is the semantic kernel in Sem¹ , namely the idea of doing s.th. relentlessly and with great effort (and pain), over a longer period.
▪ If this is the case, Ar daʔb ‘habit’ is secondary. Taking this for given, daʔb is treated as derivation from daʔaba.

1. Or, rather, WSem—the item is attested in the W only and cannot be traced farther back.

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daʔab‑ دَأَبَ , a (daʔb , daʔab , duʔūb)

√DʔB

vb., I

1 to persist, persevere, be indefatigable, untiring, tireless. – 2 to go in (ʕalà for s.th.), apply o.s., devote o.s. (ʕalà to), practice eagerly

▪ …

▪ [v2] is likely to be the primary sense, [v1] only secondary, cf. DISC under ↗DʔB.
▪ daʔb ‘habit’ probably derives from [v2] rather than from [v1].
▪ According to Nallino et al., a pl. ^†ʔādāb (< *ʔaʔdāb < *ʔadʔāb) served as basis for the (back-) formation of the sg. ↗ʔadab so that the notion of ‘habit, custom’ was added to the primary value of ↗ʔDB in Sem, which is ‘to invite’.

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► daʔb, pl. ʔadʔub, n., habit: probably vn. I (from the vb. with [v2]) with semantic specialisation.
► daʔb, daʔab, duʔūb, n., persistance, perseverance, tirelessness, indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness: vn. I.
► daʔib, dāʔib, adj., addicted, devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager, indefatigable, untiring, tireless:…
► daʔūb, adj., untiring, tireless, indefatigable, persevering, persistent: ints.
► ʔadʔabᵘ, adj., more persistent, more assiduous: elat.

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