Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘male, male organ, manhood, masculinity; weighty head of the axe; power; honour, renown, good name; to mention, to remember, to remind, to commit to memory, to learn by heart, to study, to investigate; to propose marriage; a record; to praise; to insult, to defame’

▪ Any connection between ḎKR_1 ‘male’, ḎKR_2 ‘steel’ and ḎKR_3 ‘to remember’ ? Lane gives the classical lexicographers’ opinion that ḏakar ‘male’ originally meant the one often ‘mentioned’ and much ‘talked of’. From the ‘much talked-of’ = the ‘male’, the idea of masculinity could then have been transferred to a sword, a cutting, sharp one being a ‘male’. DRS 4 (1993), too, groups ‘steel’ (attested only in Ar) together with ‘male’ as one item, as opposed to the ‘remember, mention’ complex. BDB, however, thinks that the original sense of ḎKR could have been ‘to be sharp’ (of which ḏakīr, ^†ḏakar ‘steel’ would be some traces).

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▪ DRS #ḎKR-1 Akk zakāru ‘déclarer, mentionner, nommer, invoquer’, zikr‑ ‘discours, mention, ordre, renommée, serment’; CAN. ta. zakāru, Phoen *skr, Pun Hbr zākar, skr; EmpAram zkr, JudPal dᵊkar, Syr ʔeddᵊkar ‘se souvenir de’, Mand dkar ‘rappeler, commémorer’, zakar ‘réciter (une incantation)’; Can zēker ‘mention’, zikkārōn, Phoen skr, skrn, Pun skr; ancEmpAram zkrn, BiblAram dikrōn, dākrān, Nab Palm dkrn, JudPal Syr dūkrānā ‘souvenir, mémorial’, Nab Palm dkyr, Syr dᵊkīr ‘commémoré’; Syr zakkūrā ‘revenant, devin’; Ar ḏakara ‘se souvenir, rappeler, mentionner, raconter’, ḏikr ‘souvenir, mention, récit, renommée’; SAr ḏkr ‘mentionner, enregistrer; déclaration, notification’, Mhr Ḥars ḏēker, Jib ḏekər, Soq dekir ‘penser, se souvenir’; Gz zakara, Te zäkrä, ǧäkkärä, Tña zäkkärä, Amh täzäkkärä ‘se souvenir de’, Gz zəkr, tazkār ‘souvenir, mémoire’, Amh Gur zäkkärä ‘faire un repas funéraire’; Hbr ʔazkārāh, JudPal ʔadkārā ‘mémorial’. -2 Akk zikar‑, zakr‑ ‘mâle, viril’, zikrūt‑ ‘virilité’; Ug dakaru ‘homme’; Hbr zākār ‘homme, bélier’; EmpAram zkr, Nab Palm dkr, JudPal dikrā, Syr dekrā ‘mâle’, BiblAram *dᵊkar ‘bélier’; Ar ḏakar, SAr ḏkr, Ḥars ḏekar ‘mâle’, Jib mməḏkər ‘chevreau mâle’, Soq mišer ‘palmier mâle’; Ar ḏakar ‘acier’, ḏakkara ‘acérer le tranchant’.
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl n.prop. Zechariah ↗ḏakara.

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ḏakar‑ ذكر , u (ḏikr , taḏkār)

ID 298 • Sw – • BP 266 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√ḎKR

vb., I

to remember, bear in mind, think of; to keep in mind; to recall, recollect; – (ḏikr) to speak, talk (of, about); to name, mention, cite, quote; to state, designate, indicate; to give (data, facts); to point, refer to; to report, relate, tell – WehrCowan1979.

▪ From protSem *√ḎKR ‘to mention, remind, remember’ – Huehnergard2011.
▪ For the classical lexicographers’ assumption of a connection between ‘to remember’, ‘male’, and ‘steel’ ↗√ḎKR.

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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘to remember’) Akk zkr (u) ‘to name’, Hbr zkr a (o), Syr (t-stem) dkr, Gz zkr a (e).
▪ DRS 4 (1993)#ḎKR-1: Akk zakāru ‘déclarer, mentionner, nommer, invoquer’, zikr ‘discours, mention, ordre, renommée, serment’, Pun Hbr zākar, skr, EmpAram zkr, JP dᵉkar, Syr ʔeddᵉkar ‘se souvenir de’, Mand dkar ‘rappeler, commémorer’, zakar ‘réciter (une incantation)’, Can zēker ‘mention’, zikkārōn, Ph skr, skrn, Pun skr, oEmpAram zkrn, BiblAram dikrōn, dākrān, Nab Palm dkrn, JP Syr dukrānā ‘souvernir, mémorial’, Nab Palm dkyr, Syr dᵉkīr ‘commémoré’, Syr zakkūrā ‘revanant, devin’, Ar ḏakara ‘se souvenir, rappeler, mentionner, raconter’, ḏikr ‘souvenir, mention, récit, renommée’, SAr ḏkr ‘mentionner, enregistrer; déclaration, notification’, Mhr Ḥrs ḏēker, Jib ḏekər, Soq dekir ‘penser, se souvenir’; Gz zakara, Te zäkrä, ǧäkkärä, Tña zäkkärä, täzäkkärä ‘se souvenir de’, Gz zəkr, tazkār ‘souvernir, mémoire’, Amh Gur zäkkärä ‘faire un repas funéraire’, Hbr ʔazkārāh, JP ʔadkārāh ‘mémorial’.

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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Zechariah, from Hbr zᵊkaryāh ‘Yahweh has remembered’, from Hbr zᵊkar, reduced form of zākar ‘he remembered’, akin to Ar ḏakara.

► ^BP#3198ḏakkara, vb. II, to remind: caus.¹
► ḏākara, vb. III, to parley, negotiate, confer, have a talk, take counsel; to memorize, commit to memory, learn, study.:.
► ʔaḏkara, vb. IV, to remind, call to s.o.’s mind.: caus.
► ^BP#1217taḏakkara, vb. V, to remember, bear in mind, think of: t-stem of II.
► taḏākara, vb. VI, to remind each other, revive each other’s memory of; to confer, have a talk, take counsel: t-stem of III.
► ĭddakara = V:.
► ĭstaḏkara, vb. X, to memorize, commit to memory, learn, study; to remember, recall, keep in mind, know by heart: t-stem of IV, autoben.

► ^BP#1002ḏikr, n.: vn. I. – See also ↗s.v..
► ḏukraẗ, n.f., reputation, repute, renown:.
► ^BP#960ḏikrà, pl. ḏikrayāt, n., remembrance, recollection, memory; pl. reminiscences, memoirs | ḏ. sanawiyyaẗ annual celebretion or commemoration ceremony:.
► taḏkār, tiḏkār, n., remembrance; reminder, memento; memory, commemoration; souvenir, keepsake; memorial day:.
► ^BP#3570taḏkiraẗ reminder; memento; (mostly pronounced taḏkaraẗ), pl. taḏākirᵘ, n., message, note; slip, paper, permit, pass; card; ticket; admission ticket | t. barīd postcard; t. ʔiṯbāt al-šaḫṣiyyaẗ, n., identity card:.
► taḏkarǧī ticket seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar) conductor: n.prof., made of taḏkār + (Turk.) ‑ǧī.
► ^BP#4411taḏkīr, n., reminding, reminder, memento: vn. II.²
► muḏākaraẗ, pl. ‑āt, n., negotiation, consultation, conference; deliberation (of a court; Syr.); (Mor.) conversation; learning, memorizing, memorization; study: vn. III.
► taḏakkur, n., memory, remembrance, recollection: vn. V.
► ĭstiḏkār, n., memorizing, memorization, committing to memory: vn. X.
► ^BP#1306ḏākiraẗ, n.f., memory (human and computer): PA I, f. (*‘the remembering one’).
► ^BP#2003maḏkūr, adj., mentioned; said, above-mentioned; worthy of mention; celebrated: PP I.
► ^BP#2270muḏakkiraẗ, pl. ‑āt, n., reminder; note; remark; notebook; memorandum, memorial, aide-mémoire, (diplomatic) note; ordinance, decree; treatise, paper, report (of a learned society, = Fr. mémoires); official report (concerning an incident); official notice; pl. reminiscences, memoirs: PP II.

1. For ‘to make masculine’ (gram.) see ↗ḏakar. 2. For ‘fecundation’ etc. see ↗ḏakar.

ḏikr ذِكْر , pl. ʔaḏkār

√ḎKR

recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, memory, commemoration; reputation, repute, renown; naming, stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation; report, account, narration, narrative; invocation of God, mention of the Lord’s name; (pl. ʔaḏkār) collective liturgical exercises of Sufi orders, consisting in incessant repetition of certain words or formulas in praise of God, often accompanied by music and dancing – WehrCowan1979.

▪ vn. of ↗ḏakara, vb. I ‘to remember; to mention’.

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↗ḏakara

ḏakar ذكر , pl. ḏukūr , ḏukūraẗ , ḏukrān

√ḎKR

¹adj.; ²n.

male; (pl. ḏukūr) penis – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *ḏakar‑ ‘male’.
▪ For the classical lexicographers’ assumption of a connection between ‘male’, ‘steel’, and ‘to remember’ ↗√ḎKR.
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DRS 4 (1993)#ḎKR-2: Akk zikar‑ , zakr‑ ‘mâle, virile’, zikrūt‑ ‘virilité’, Ug dakaru ‘homme’, Hbr zākār ‘homme, bélier’, EmpAram zkr, Nab Palm dkr, JP dikrā, Syr dekrā ‘mâle’, Ar ḏakar, SAr ḏkr, Ḥrs ḏekar ‘mâle’, Jib mməḏkər ‘chevreau mâle’, Soq mišer ‘palmier mâle’; Ar ^†ḏakar ‘acier’, ^†ḏakkara ‘acérer le tranchant’.

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► ḏakkara, vb. II, to make masculine (gram.): caus., denom.

► ḏakarī, adj., male: nsb-adj
► muḏakkar, adj., masculine (gram.): PP II.

ḏakīr ذكير

√ḎKR

steel – WehrCowan1979.

▪ For the classical lexicographers’ assumption of a connection between ‘steel’, ‘male’, and ‘to remember’ ↗√ḎKR.

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ḏākiraẗ ذاكِرَة

√ḎKR

n.f.

memory (human and computer) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Properly a PA I, f. *‘the remembering one’. For etymology see ↗ḏakara.

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↗ḏakara

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