Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘to censure, to apply corporal punishment; to support; to be tough; to be bad tempered; to honour’.

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▪ Philologists classify under this root the proper name ʕUzayr, but recognised it as being of foreign origin -- BAH2008

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ʕazzar عَزَّرَ

√ʕZR

vb., II

to help – Jeffery1938

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▪ eC7 Q v, 15; vii, 156; xlviii, 9 – Jeffery1938.

▪ Jeffery1938: »It is used only in late passages in the technical sense of giving aid in religious matters. / Obviously it is not used in the normal sense of ‘to correct’ or ‘punish’, nor can it be a normal development of ʕazara ‘to reprove, blame’. The Lexicons are forced to illustrate this Qurʔānic use of the word from the Ḥadīth whose usage is obviously dependent on the Qurʔān itself (LA, vi, 237). / It thus seems probable that the verb is denominative, formed from a borrowed [Hbr] ʕēzär or ʕäzrâʰ meaning ‘help’, ‘succour’, which would have come to Muḥammad from his contact with the Jewish communities.¹ . As the Hbr and Phoen ʕzr, Aram ʕdr, Syr ʕdr are cognate with the Arab ʕaḏara ‘to aid’, it is possible to consider ʕazara as a by-form of ʕaḏara, just as [Palm] ʕdr occurs, though infrequently, beside ʕzr in the Palm inscriptions,² but the fact that it is ʕazzara and not ʕazara which means ‘to help’ is against this, and in favour of its being a denominative.«

1. So Horovitz, JPN, 214. 2. Lidzbarski, Handbuch, 338.

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