Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_1 ‘to insert, enter, penetrate’ ↗¹ġalla
▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_2 ‘iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’ ↗²ġull
▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_3 ‘produce, crops; revenue, returns; grain, cereals, corn; fruits’ ↗ġallaẗ ; ‘to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap; to derive advantage or profit from, capitalize on s.th.; to exploit’ ↗ĭstaġalla
▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_4 ‘burning thirst’ ↗¹ġull
▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_5 ‘rancor, hatred, spite, malice’ ↗ġill
▪ ĠLː (ĠLL)_6 ‘fine, diaphanous, cape, mantilla, veil; shirtlike garment, gown’ ↗ġilālaẗ

Other values, now obsolete, include (BK1860, Lane vi 1877, Hava1899)

▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_7 ‘to perfume (the beard, bi‑ with balm) | enduire, parfumer (de musc, ^†ġāliyaẗ ¹ )’: ^†ġallala
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_8 ‘water flowing amid trees’: ^†ġalal (pl. ʔaġlāl ); cf. also ^†ġalla ‘couler, pénétrer, entrer (bayn au milieu de; se dit de l’eau qui coule entre les arbres)’, and ^†mutaġallil ‘qui circule entre les arbres, dans une avenue plantée d’arbres’
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_9 ‘filtre pour coler, clarifier un liquide (= miṣfāẗ ) | strainer’: ^†ġalal
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_10 ‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’: ^†ġalla
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_11 ‘couvrir’: ^†ġalla
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_12 ‘certaine maladie des moutons’² : ^†ġalal ; cf. also ^†ĭnġalla ‘avoir la maladie ġalal ’
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_13 ‘oter la peau de l’animal égorgé avec trop de précipitation ou en tirant trop, au point que des morceaux de chair et de graisse restent après la peau’: ^†ʔaġalla
▪ ^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_ ‘...’: ^†...

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘extreme thirst; to bar from drinking; shackles, to shackle; treachery, animosity, hatred; to confiscate; to purloin, to yield, to produce, to earn’

1. ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’. 2. More detailed in Lane vi 1877: ‘certain disease that attacks sheep, or goats, in the orifice of the teat, occasioned by the milker’s not exhausting the udder, but leaving in it some milk, which becomes blood, or coagulates and is mixed with a yellow fluid’

▪ [v1] : Attested in Ug, Hbr, several varieties of Aram, and Ar; from protWSem *ġll ‘to insert; to immerse’ – Kogan2015: 381 #5¹ – The value *‘to insert, enter’ may be the origin of several others, see [v2], [v5]?, [v6]-^†[v10], below. – For the aspect of *‘passing through/between/beneath’, etc., accompanying that of ‘entering’, and its possible connection to final *‑Lː/‑LL, see DISC in entry ↗ġalla.
▪ [v2] : According to Zammit2002, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’ has cognates in Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’. If this juxtaposition is valid, [v2] may represent a value in its own right that should be kept distinct from [v1]. Others interpret ²ġull (esp. in the meaning ‘manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’) as *‘s.th. into which hands, feet, etc. are inserted’, thus dependent on [v1].
▪ [v3] : Borg2021 #494 shows that the term is widespread also in the Ar dialects (with the Maġrib tending to the meaning of ‘fruit’, e.g., MorAr and TunAr), but the author’s identification of the Ar ġallaẗ with (Eg jꜣrrt, Dem ꜣllj, Copt ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ‘grapes’ and) Hbr ʕôlēlōt ‘gleanings (of grapes and olives)’ is questionable, as these may belong to ↗ʕLː (ʕLL) *‘to repeat, do s.th. a second time’ rather than to ĠLː (ĠLL). A more obvious cognate is Syr ʕᵃlaltâ, esp. in one of the pl.s, ʕallᵊtâ) ‘what is brought in, ingathering, increase, harvest, crop, fruit, yield, produce’), from Syr ʕal ‘enter’, (Af) ʔaʕel ‘to bring, put, carry in, introduce; […] to bring in (ʕallᵊlātâ the harvest)’, Aram ʕᵃlal, Hbr ²ʕLL ‘to insert, thrust in’. Ar ġallaẗ thus seems to stem from [v1] ġalla ‘to put in, thrust in’.
▪ [v4] : Kogan2015: 325 #8 would not exclude an identification of Ar ġll ‘to be thirsty’ with the Ug hapax ġll ‘thirsty one’, but adds that such an identification, though possible, is »but by no means compelling«.
▪ [v5] : Most ClassAr dictionaries explain Ar ġill ‘rancor, hatred, spite, malice’ as fig. use of [v4] ‘burning thirst’. However, while [v4] has no cognates in SAr, [v5] has many in Sab, both with the meaning ‘grudge, anger, hatred, to hate’ and its extension ‘to act fraudulently against s.o., (H -stem:) to damage s.o.’. One rendering of Sab ġll – ‘to inject (anger)’ (Jamme 1976: 29) – seems to suggest that the vb. is related to [v1] ‘to insert, enter’.
▪ [v6] : Lane’s (vi 1877) rendering of ġilālaẗ as ‘garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, and likewise beneath the coat of mail’ suggests that it is derived from [v1] *‘to insert, enter’
▪ ^†[v7] : ‘to perfume o.s.’ is either cognate to [v1] (as suggested by explanations of ^†ġalla as ‘huiler, pommader abondamment les cheveux, de manière que l’huile pénètre jusqu’à la racine des cheveux’) or denominative from ^†ġāliyaẗ ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’, itself of unknown etymology (discussion reproduced in Lane vi 1877.)
▪ ^†[v8] : Kogan2015: 555 #35 thinks Ar ^†ġalal ‘water flowing amid trees’² might be akin to prot-modSAr *ġill-at - ‘mist’, but dependence on [v1] seems more likely (< *‘water squeezing itself through the trees\bushes’).
▪ ^†[v9] : ^†ġalal ‘filter, strainer’ is prob. extended use of ^†[v8] (‘filter, strainer’ = *‘device through which water is running’) and thus, ultimately, prob. from [v1].
▪ ^†[v10] : prob. cognate to [v1], as ‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’ is a form of *‘inserting’ o.s. among others.
▪ ^†[v11] : The value ‘couvrir’ for ^†ġalla is mentioned only in BK1860. Is it reliably attested?
▪ ^†[v12] : The identity of the term ^†ġalal for a ‘certain disease that attacks sheep, or goats’³ with that for ^†[v8] ‘water flowing amid trees’ and ^†[v9] ‘filter, strainer’ seems to imply some kind of semantic link between the three, so that, ultimately, also the term for this specific disease would have s.th. to do with [v1] ‘inserting, entering’ s.th. But semantics are not clear…
▪ ^†[v13] : ?

1. That *ġ is behind ʕ in the Aram forms (see below, section COGN) is confirmed by numerous Demotic spellings with ḫ. 2. More specifically, ‘water having no current, only appearing a little upon the surface of the earth, disappearing at one time and appearing at another’ – Lane vi 1877. 3. More detailed in Lane vi 1877: ‘certain disease… in the orifice of the teat, occasioned by the milker’s not exhausting the udder, but leaving in it some milk, which becomes blood, or coagulates and is mixed with a yellow fluid’

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▪ [v1] : Ug ġll ‘to enter’, Hbr ʕālal ‘to insert, thrust in; to ascend, land, enter’, oAram ʕll (so also continued in later Aram varieties, such as JPA, Syr, etc.; Aram ʕᵃlal ‘to enter a town, a house, come in’, Syr ʕal ‘to enter; to come in to a woman; to attack, invade’), Ar ġalla ‘to enter’ – Zammit2002, Kogan2015: 381 #5
▪ [v2] : Zammit2002 juxtaposes Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’, ġalla ‘to bind’. Reliable?
▪ [v3] : Syr ʕᵃlaltâ (pl. ʕallᵊlātâ and ʕallᵊtâ) ‘what is brought in, ingathering, increase, harvest, crop, fruit, yield, produce’), from Syr ʕal ‘to enter’, (Af) ʔaʕel ‘to bring, put, carry in, introduce; to substitute, put instead; to bring in (ʕallᵊlātâ the harvest)’, Aram ʕᵃlal, cf. Hbr ²ʕLL ‘to insert, thrust in’, Ar ġalla ‘to put in, thrust in’ (see [v1]). – Borg2021 #494 shows that the term is widespread also among the Ar dialects (with the Maġrib tending to the meaning of ‘fruit’): DamAr ġalleẗ ‘crop, harvest’, AlepAr ‘récolte qu’on attend’, LebAr ġallīl ‘récolte abondante’, Malta ‹għallaẗ› ‘prodotto della terra annuale’, TunAr ġallaẗ ‘fruit(s)’, Takrūna ġallaẗ ʔarð̣iyyaẗ ‘cucurbitacées et tomates’, MorAr ġellaẗ ‘fruit’, Djidjelli ġollaẗ ‘fruits, récolte’. The author suggests to see this evidence together with Hbr ʕôlēlōt ‘gleanings (of grapes and olives)’ (and Eg jꜣrrt, Dem ꜣllj, Copt ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ‘grapes’), which, however, may be from *ʕLː (ʕLL) ‘to do (a second time)’ rather than from *ĠLː (ĠLL) ‘to enter, insert, bring in’.
▪ [v4] : Ug ġll ‘thirsty one’, Ar ġll ‘to be thirsty’, ¹ġull ‘burning thirst’¹
▪ [v5] : SAr (Sab) ġll ‘to be angry (deity ), be filled with hatred, wrath | exercer (de la haine)’, Ar ġalla ‘von Haß, Groll erfüllt sein’, Gz (ʕll ) ‘to separate, set aside a place, excommunicate, grant someone a fief’; Sab ġlyt ‘anger, hate, wrath’, Ar YemAr ġill ‘Groll, Haß, Bosheit | hidden enmity, grudge’. – Extended meaning: Sab ġll ‘to fraudulently appropriate, withhold’, Ar ġalla ‘to be unfaithful in respect of a thing privily, defraud’, ġalla, ʔaġalla ‘to act unfaithfully, become unfaithful’ (Lane vi 1877). – Causative: Sab h-ġll ‘schädigen; Verlust bescheren | to damage | endommager’, Ar ʔaġalla ‘to water one’s camels ill, so that they do not satisfy their thirst, or bring\send them back from the water without satisfying their thirst’, ġalla, ʔaġalla ‘to act unfaithfully, become unfaithful’, Gz ʔaʕlala ‘to separate, consecrate, excommunicate’ (Leslau 1991: 60) – Zammit2002, SabaWeb#ĠLL
▪ [v6] : prob. cognate to [v1].
▪ ^†[v7] : either cognate to [v1] or derived from ^†ġāliyaẗ ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’
▪ ^†[v8] : Kogan2015: 555 #35 thinks Ar ^†ġalal ‘water flowing amid trees’ might be akin to Mhr ġəllēt, Jib ġíẑẑɔt ‘mist’, Soq aʕlʼílʼo ‘cloud’ (< prot-modSAr *ġill -at - ‘mist’), but dependence on [v1] seems more likely (< *‘water squeezing itself through the trees\bushes’)
▪ ^†[v9] : prob. cognate to ^†[v8] and thus < [v1] (‘filter, strainer’ < *‘device through which the water flows’)
▪ ^†[v10] : prob. cognate to [v1] (‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’ < * ‘to insert s.th. in s.th. else’)
▪ ^†[v11] : ?
▪ ^†[v12] : ?
▪ ^†[v13] : ?

1. Accord. to Kogan2015: 325 #8, the Ug form is a hapax in a partly broken context. »Identification with Ar ġll is possible, but by no means compelling.«

▪ [v1], [v2], [v6]-^†[v10] : The aspect of *‘passing through/between/beneath’, etc., which accompanies that of ‘entering’, seems to be expressed by the final *‑Lː/‑LL, see DISC in entry ↗ġalla.
▪ ...

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¹ġall‑ / ġalal‑ غَلَّ/غَلَلْــــ , u (ġall )

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 11Mar2023, last updated 17Mar2023

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

vb., I

1a to insert, put, stick, enter (s.th. fī in, into, between); b to penetrate, enter (s.th., into s.th.); 2 ↗²ġull ; 3 ↗ġallaẗ – WehrCowan1976

▪ Attested in Ug, Hbr, several varieties of Aram, and Ar; from protWSem *ġll ‘to insert; to immerse’ – Kogan2015: 381 #5⁴
▪ See also below, section DISC.
▪ …

4. That *ġ is behind ʕ in the Aram forms (see below, section COGN) is confirmed by numerous Demotic spellings with ḫ.

▪ ^†ġalla ‘cohabiter (avec une femme)’, ^†ʔaġalla ‘to make a raid’
▪ ...

▪ Ug ġll ‘to enter’, Hbr ʕālal ‘to insert, thrust in; to ascend, land, enter’, oAram ʕll (so also continued in later Aram varieties, such as JPA, Syr, etc.; Aram ʕᵃlal ‘to enter a town, a house, come in’, Syr ʕal ‘to enter; to come in to a woman; to attack, invade’), Ar ġalla ‘to enter’ – Zammit2002, Kogan2015: 381 #5.
▪ For the possibly related ↗²ġull ‘yoke, collar’, Zammit2002 juxtaposes Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’, ġalla ‘to bind’.
▪ ...

▪ The value *‘to insert, enter’ is possibly at the origin of several others. Thus, Ar ↗²ġull ‘manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’ may be a *‘device into which hands, feet, etc. are inserted’; ↗ġallaẗ ‘produce, harvest; corn’ is originally *‘what is brought in, harvested’; ↗ġilālaẗ goes back to a ‘garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, and likewise beneath the coat of mail’, thus prob. *‘what is inserted\worn betw. outer garment and inner layers, or the skin’; ClassAr dictionaries often analyze the vb. I ġalla in the sense of ‘to perfume o.s.’ as cognate of ‘to insert’ (as suggested, e.g., by explanations of ^†ġalla as ‘huiler, pommader abondamment les cheveux, de manière que l’huile pénètre jusqu’à la racine des cheveux’);¹ ^†ġalal ‘water flowing amid trees’[↗^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_8]² could be *‘water “entering”\squeezing itself through the trees\bushes’;³ ; ^†ġalal can also mean ‘filter, strainer’ [↗^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_9], conveying an idea (*‘water running through between...’) that is very similar to the preceding, so that the ‘filter, strainer’ may be a *‘device through which water is running’; in ClassAr, the vb. ^†ġalla is also attested with the value ‘mêler, mélanger l’un avec l’autre’ [↗^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_10], which can be seen as a mutual *‘entering, penetration’, too.
▪ If, as suggested above, values like *‘garment worn between...’, *‘water running between/beneath/through...’, *‘mutual penetration’, etc., belong to ġalla ‘to insert, enter (s.th. in, into, between), penetrate’, this would underline the aspect of *‘passing through/between/beneath s.th.’ coming in addition to the simple directionality of *‘entering, penetration’. It seems that this aspect is mainly expressed by the final *‑Lː/‑LL, cf., for instance, ↗ḫalla (u, ḫall ) ‘to pierce, transfix’, ḫalal ‘gap, interval, interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure’, ḫilālᵃ ‘during; through, via’, ↗zalla (zalal-, i, zall ; zalil-, a, zalal ) ‘to slip’, ↗tasallala ‘to slip, slink, sneak (into); to invade, infiltrate, enter, penetrate’, ↗šallāl ‘cataract, waterfall’, ↗ʕalla (i, ʕillaẗ ) *‘to befall, afflict (s.o., a disease, etc.)’, perh. also ↗ḥalla (i,u, ḥulūl ) ‘to descend, come down, befall; to set in, arrive, begin (time, season)’ and ↗halla (i, hall ) ‘to appear, come up, show (new moon); to begin, set in (month)’.
▪ ...

1. Another interpretation is that it is denominative from ^†ġāliyaẗ ‘Galia : parfum de couleur noire composé de musc, d’ambre et autres aromates, et employé comme cosmétique pour les cheveux’, itself of unknown etymology. The discussion is reproduced in Lane vi 1877. 2. More specifically, ‘water having no current, only appearing a little upon the surface of the earth, disappearing at one time and appearing at another’ – Lane vi 1877. 3. Kogan2015: 555 #35 thinks the item might be akin to prot-modSAr *ġill-at ‘mist’.

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►taġallala, vb. V, to enter, penetrate (fī s.th., into s.th.): tD-stem, self-ref.
►ĭnġalla, vb. VII, = V: N-stem

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla), ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

ĭstaġall‑ / ĭstaġlal‑ اسْتَغَلَّ/اسْتَغْلَلْــ , yastaġillu (ĭstiġlāl)

ID … • Sw – • BP 2952 • APD … • © SG | 11Mar2023, last updated 17Mar2023

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

vb., X

1a to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap; b to realize, or make, a profit (‑h on s.th.), receive the proceeds (-h of s.th., esp. of land, and the like), turn to (good) account, invest profitably, utilize; c to profit (‑h by s.o., s.th.), derive advantage or profit from, make capital (-h out of s.th.), capitalize (on s.th.); d to take advantage (-h of), exploit – WehrCowan1976

▪ The form X vb. is a typical desiderative *Št- formation, based on ↗ġalla ‘to produce, yield, yield crops (land)’ or the corresponding n.f., ↗ġallaẗ ‘yield, produce, crops; proceeds, revenue, returns (esp. of farming); grain, cereals, corn; fruits’, from ↗ġalla ‘to bring in, enter, insert’, from protWSem *ġll ‘to insert; to immerse’.
▪ …

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▪ ↗ġalla, ↗ġallaẗ

▪ See above, section CONC.

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►^BP#1957ĭstiġlāl, n., 1a utilization; b usufruct; 2 development, working (of a mine, and the like), exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish utilization, sweating); 3 abuse
►ĭstiġlālī, adj., serving exploitation, exploitative: nsb-formaton of preceding
►mustaġill, n., exploiter, utilizer, usufructuary, beneficiary: PA X, desiderative
►mustaġall, pl. ‑āt, n., 1a that which yields crops, proceeds, or profit; b yield, produce, proceeds; c profit: PP X

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

ġallaẗ غَلَّة , pl. ‑āt, ġilāl

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 11Mar2023, last updated 17Mar2023

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

n.f.

1a yield, produce, crops; b proceeds, revenue, returns (esp. of farming); 2a grain, cereals; b corn; c fruits – WehrCowan1976

▪ Like Syr ʕᵃlaltâ (pl. ʕallᵊlātâ and ʕallᵊtâ) ‘what is brought in, ingathering, increase, harvest, crop, fruit, yield, produce’), which belongs to Syr ʕal ‘enter’, (Af) ʔaʕel ‘to bring, put, carry in, introduce’, Ar ġallaẗ seems to stem from the corresponding vb., ↗ġalla ‘to put in, thrust in’.
▪ For the most frequent derivative in MSA, the desiderative *Št-stem with the most widespread meaning ‘to exploit’, see ↗ĭstaġalla.
▪ …

▪ ^†ġalūl ‘light food | aliment léger et qu’on avale facilement’, ^†ʔaġalla ‘apporter des vivres, des denrées à qn, en pourvoir qn (p.ex., sa famille, sa tribu)’

▪ Syr ʕᵃlaltâ (pl. ʕallᵊlātâ and ʕallᵊtâ) ‘what is brought in, ingathering, increase, harvest, crop, fruit, yield, produce’), from Syr ʕal ‘to enter’, (Af) ʔaʕel ‘to bring, put, carry in, introduce; to substitute, put instead; to bring in (ʕallᵊlātâ the harvest)’, Aram ʕᵃlal, cf. Hbr ²ʕLL ‘to insert, thrust in’, Ar ġalla ‘to put in, thrust in’.
▪ Borg2021 #494: DamAr ġalleẗ ‘crop, harvest’, AlepAr ‘récolte qu’on attend’, LebAr ġallīl ‘récolte abondante’, Malta ‹għallaẗ› ‘prodotto della terra annuale’, TunAr ġallaẗ ‘fruit(s)’, Takrūna ġallaẗ ʔarð̣iyyaẗ ‘cucurbitacées et tomates’, MorAr ġellaẗ ‘fruit’, Djidjelli ġollaẗ ‘fruits, récolte’. The author suggests to see this evidence together with Eg jꜣrrt, Dem ꜣllj, Copt ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ‘grapes’ and Hbr ʕôlēlōt ‘gleanings (of grapes and olives)’; see, however, DISC.
▪ ...

▪ Borg2021 #494 shows that the term is widespread in the Ar dialects (with the Maġrib tending to the meaning of ‘fruit’, e.g., MorAr and TunAr), but the author’s identification of the Ar ġallaẗ with Hbr ʕôlēlōt ‘gleanings (of grapes and olives)’ (> Eg jꜣrrt, Dem ꜣllj, Copt ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ‘grapes’) is questionable, as these may belong to ↗ʕLː (ʕLL) *‘to repeat, do s.th. a second time’ rather than to ĠLː (ĠLL).
▪ ...

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►ġall‑ / ġalal‑, u (ġall ), vb. I, 1 ↗ġalla ; 2 ↗²ġull ; 3 to produce, yield, yield crops (land): G-stem, ?denom.
►ʔaġalla, vb. IV, 1a to produce, yield, yield crops (land); b to yield (s.th. ʕalà to s.o.): *Š-stem

►^BP#2952ĭstaġalla, vb. X, 1a to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap; b to realize, or make, a profit (‑h on s.th.), receive the proceeds (-h of s.th., esp. of land, and the like), turn to (good) account, invest profitably, utilize; c to profit (‑h by s.o., s.th.), derive advantage or profit from, make capital (-h out of s.th.), capitalize (on s.th.); d to take advantage (-h of), exploit: *Št-stem, desiderative

►^BP#1957ĭstiġlāl, n., 1a utilization; b usufruct; 2 development, working (of a mine, and the like), exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish utilization, sweating); 3 abuse: vn. X
►ĭstiġlālī, adj., serving exploitation, exploitative: nsb-formaton of preceding
►muġill, adj., productive, fruitful, fertile (land, soil): PA IV
►mustaġill, n., exploiter, utilizer, usufructuary, beneficiary: PA X
►mustaġall, pl. ‑āt, n., 1a that which yields crops, proceeds, or profit; b yield, produce, proceeds; c profit: PP X

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

ġill غِلّ

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

rancor, hatred, spite, malice – WehrCowan1976

▪ Most ClassAr dictionaries explain Ar ġill ‘rancor, hatred, spite, malice’ as fig. use of ↗¹ġull ‘burning thirst’. However, while ¹ġull has no reliable cognates in Sem,⁵ ġill has many at least in Sab, both with the meaning ‘grudge, anger, hatred, to hate’ and its extension ‘to act fraudulently against s.o., (H -stem:) to damage s.o.’ – are these Arabisms or rather an indication of the value’s earlier origin and independence from ‘burning thirst’?
▪ One rendering of Sab ġll – ‘to inject (anger)’ (Jamme 1976: 29, quoted in SabaWeb) – seems to suggest that the vb. is related to Ar ↗ġalla ‘to insert, enter’.
▪ …

5. Kogan2015: 325 #8 would not exclude an identification of ¹ġull ‘burning thirst’ with the Ug hapax ġll ‘thirsty one’, but adds that such an identification, though possible, is »but by no means compelling«.

▪ ^†ġalla ‘tromper qn, frauder (= ↗ḫāna ); voler, frauder qn (‑h, min sur qc, p.ex., dans la distribution des lots qui reviennent à chacun)’; ^†ʔiġlāl ‘deceit, unfaithfulness’ | lā ʔiġlāl wa-lā ʔislāl ‘there shall be no deceit nor bribe’
▪ ...

▪ Zammit2002, SabaWeb#ĠLL: SAr (Sab) ġll ‘to be angry (deity ), be filled with hatred, wrath | exercer (de la haine)’, Ar ġalla ‘von Haß, Groll erfüllt sein’, Gz ʕallala ‘to separate, set aside a place, excommunicate, grant someone a fief’. – Sab ġlyt ‘anger, hate, wrath’, Ar YemAr ġill ‘Groll, Haß, Bosheit | hidden enmity, grudge’. – Extended meaning: Sab ġll ‘to fraudulently appropriate, withhold’, Ar ġalla ‘to be unfaithful in respect of a thing privily, defraud’, ġalla, ʔaġalla ‘to act unfaithfully, become unfaithful’ (Lane vi 1877). – Causative: Sab h-ġll ‘schädigen; Verlust bescheren | to damage | endommager’, Ar ʔaġalla ‘to water one’s camels ill, so that they do not satisfy their thirst, or bring\ send them back from the water without satisfying their thirst’, ġalla, ʔaġalla ‘to act unfaithfully, become unfaithful’, Gz ʔaʕlala ‘to separate, consecrate, excommunicate’ (Leslau 1991: 60)
▪ See perh. also ↗¹ġull ‘burning thirst’ and ↗ġalla ‘to enter’ (cf. discussion in section CONC, above).
▪ ...

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

–

►ġall‑ / ġalal‑, i (ġill ), vb. I, to be filled with hatred or rancor (breast)

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla ), ↗¹ġull, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

¹ġull غُلّ

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

1 burning thirst; 2 ↗²ġull – WehrCowan1976

▪ No obvious relation to other main values of the root ↗ĠLː (ĠLL), like ‘to insert, enter, penetrate’ (↗¹ġalla ), ‘iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’ (↗²ġull ), ‘produce, crops; revenue, returns; grain, cereals, corn; fruits’ (↗ġallaẗ ), ‘fine cape, shirtlike garment, gown’ (↗ġilālaẗ ), or ‘water flowing amid trees’ [^†ġalal, ↗^†ĠLː (ĠLL)_8]
▪ Kogan2015: 325 #8 would not exclude an identification of Ar ġll ‘to be thirsty’ with the Ug hapax ġll ‘thirsty one’, but adds that such an identification, though possible, is »but by no means compelling«.
▪ Most ClassAr dictionaries regard ‘burning thirst’ as the basic value of which ↗ġill ‘rancor, hatred, spite, malice’ is fig. use. In the ints. form ġalīl, both values overlapp: it takes the meaning ‘burning thirst’ as well as that of ‘thirst for revenge; rancor, ill will’ (and also ‘ardent desire’ in general). While ¹ġull is without reliable cognates in Sem, ġill has clear parallels in Sab (see COGN s.v. ġill ) and may therefore represent a more original value (unless the Sab forms should be Arabisms).
▪ …

–

▪ Kogan2015: 325 #8 : cf. perh. Ug ġll ‘thirsty one’; but this is a hapax in a partly broken context, thus not reliable.
▪ ...

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

–

►ġulla (ġull, ġullaẗ ), vb. I pass., to suffer violent thirst, burn with thirst: prob. denom.

►ġullaẗ, n.f., burning thirst: f. of ¹ġull, also serving as vn. of the vb. I.
►ġalīl, I n., 1 burning thirst; 2 (cf. also ↗ġill ) a thirst for revenge; b rancor, ill will; c ardent desire; II adj. (pl. ġilāl ), exhausted with thirst, very thirsty
►maġlūl, adj., 1 ↗²ġull ; 2 exhausted with thirst, very thirsty: PP I

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla ), ↗ġill, ↗²ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

²ġull غُلّ

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

1 ↗¹ġull ; 2 (pl. ʔaġlāl ) a iron collar; b manacles, handcuffs; c pl. chains, shackles, fetters – WehrCowan1976

▪ According to Zammit2002, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’ has cognates in Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’. If this juxtaposition is valid, the item may represent a value in its own right that should be kept distinct from ↗ġalla ‘to insert, enter’, the vb. that others interpret as the etymon, analyzing the meaning ‘manacles, handcuffs; chains, shackles, fetters’ as *‘s.th. into which hands, feet, etc. are inserted ’.
▪ …

▪ ...

▪ Zammit2002: Akk ḫalālu ‘einsperren, festhalten | (CAD ) to detain, keep waiting’, Ug ġll ‘to tie up’, Hbr ʕōl (√ʕLL) ‘yoke’, Ar ²ġull ‘yoke, collar’.
▪ If from ‘to insert’, see ↗ġalla.
▪ ...

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

–

►ġall‑ / ġalal‑, u (ġall ), vb. I, 1 ↗¹ġalla ; 2 to apply an iron collar or manacles (-h on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (-h s.o.) | ġalla yada-hū ʔilà ʕunuqi-h (lit., to fetter one’s hand to one’s neck, i.e. ) not to spend or give away anything, be niggardly; 3 ↗ġallaẗ
►ġallala, vb. II, to apply an iron collar or manacles (-h on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter: D-stem, denom.

►maġlūl, adj., 1 fettered, shackled | maġlūl al-yad, inactive, idle; 2 ↗¹ġull : PP I

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla ), ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull, and ↗ġilālaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

ġilālaẗ غِلالة , pl. ġalāʔilᵘ

√ĠLː (ĠLL)

n.f.

1a a fine, diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil; b shirtlike garment, gown – WehrCowan1976

▪ Lane’s (vi 1877) rendering of ġilālaẗ as ‘garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, and likewise beneath the coat of mail’ suggests that it is derived from ↗ġalla ‘to insert, enter’.
▪ Historically, ġilālaẗ is also attested as ^†‘pin fastening two rings of a coat of mail’, a value that would bring it close to the idea of ‘holding together, binding together’, as in ↗²ġull ‘yoke; manicles, fetters’
▪ …

▪ ^†ġilālaẗ ‘pin fastening two rings of a coat of mail’.
▪ Cf. also ^†ġullaẗ (pl. ġulal ) ‘robe de dessous’ (> ^†ĭnġalla ‘mettre, avoir un vêtement sous un autre’), ^†ġalīlaẗ ‘robe de dessous; garment worn beneath a coat of mail; coat of mail’ (> ^†ʔaġalla ‘to put on a coat of mail’).
▪ ...

▪ ↗ġalla, perh. also ↗²ġull.
▪ ...

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ ...

–

►ġilālaẗ al-nawm, n.f., nightshirt, nightgown

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹ġalla, ↗ġallaẗ (with ↗ĭstaġalla ), ↗ġill, ↗¹ġull and ↗²ġull, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗ĠLː (ĠLL).

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