Bibliotheca Polyglotta

LBN لبن

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

“root”

▪ LBN_1 ‘(unburnt) brick’ ↗libn
▪ LBN_2 ‘milk’ ↗laban
▪ LBN_3 ‘frankincense; chewing gum’ ↗lubān
▪ LBN_4 ‘wish, aim, goal; business, enterprise’ ↗lubānaẗ
▪ LBN_5 ‘Lebanon’ ↗lubnān
▪ LBN_6 ‘storax/styrax tree’ ↗lubnà
▪ LBN_7 ‘towline’ (EgAr) ↗libān

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘milk, (of a female) to be with milk [LBN_2]; quest, wish, desire [LBN_4]; mud brick [LBN_1]; tree sap [LBN_3]’

▪ LBN_1 ‘brick(s)’ seems to be a loan, via Syr, from Akk, perhaps lit. *‘accumulated, hardened, solidified (sc. mud)’ (cf. also LBN_3 below).
▪ LBN_2 ‘milk’ is a value not to be found in other Sem languages (unless loaned from Ar) and is therefore thought to be the result of a development, peculiar to Ar, from an original *‘white(ness)’ (which also lies at the basis of the name for Lebanon, cf. LBN_5).
▪ LBN_3 ‘frankincense’ may be either *‘hardened, solidified (sc. resin)’ and thus, basically, built on the same idea as LBN_1 ‘brick(s)’ (applied to resin in this case rather than to mud in that of LBN_1), or it is *‘the product of the styrax tree’ (cf. LBN_6, below), or *‘the white one’ (cf. LBN_2 above, and LBN_5 below). The meaning ‘chewing gum’ is, of course, a modern development.
▪ LBN_4 ‘wish, aim, goal; business, enterprise’: not directly related to any of the other values and therefore difficult to explain. The semantics suggest a relation to ↗lubb ‘kernel, core; heart, mind, intellect, reason’, but this would be difficult to explain phonologically and morphologically. — For the time being, this word’s etymology remains obscure.
▪ LBN_5 ‘Lebanon’, as a geographical term, goes back, via Aram/Hbr Lᵊḇānōn, to Phoen lbnn. Ultimately, it is either *‘(the country with) the white (mountain tops)’ or *‘the snowy one’. If from *‘white’, then the closest relatives would be LBN_2 ‘milk’ (and perhaps also LBN_3 ‘frankincense’). If from *‘snow’, the idea of congelation/solidification connects it more closely to LBN_1 ‘brick(s) (but perhaps also to LBN_3 ‘frankincense’, if the latter is *‘hardened resin’).
▪ LBN_6 ‘storax/styrax tree’ may be *‘the white tree’ (cf. LBN_2 ‘milk’, LBN_5 ‘Lebanon’), or *‘the tree that produces an aromatically smelling resin’ (cf. LBN_3 ‘frankincense’), or it is a loan from Copt < Eg (unless the latter itself is from Sem).
▪ LBN_7 ‘towline’ (eg.) is agreed upon to go back to a Copt word for ‘(a ship’s) hauling-cable’.

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(based on data supplied by Nicolas2013)
▪ LBN_1: Akk libittu (*libintu), Ug lbnt (pl., *labinātu), Hbr lᵊḇīnāh, lᵊḇēnāh, Aram lᵊḇīntā, Syr lᵊḇettā (*lᵊḇentā) ‘brick, tile’, Ar libn, libin, SAr lbn ‘brick(s)’
▪ LBN_2: Ug lbn (*labanu), Hbr lāḇān ‘blanc’ (et nom propre),¹ Phn lbn ‘white’, Mand laben ‘être blanc’, Ar laban ‘lait’ (> labana ‘avoir en abondance du lait dans ses pis’, talbīn(aẗ) ‘soupe faite avec du lait ou du miel’, mulabban ‘sorte de nougat fait de noix et d’amandes’)
▪ LBN_3: Hbr lᵊḇōnāh, lᵊḇônāh, Phn lbnh, Aram Syr lᵊḇûntāh, Ar lubān ‘résine qui sert d’encens’, SAr lbn ‘encens’;² cf. also Mand labna ‘gluten’.
▪ LBN_4: Ar lubānaẗ ‘wish, aim, goal; business, enterprise’: –.
▪ LBN_5: Akk labnanu (BDB1906), Ug lbnn, Hbr lᵊḇānôn, Phn lbnh, oSyr leḇnān (Wild1973: 154), Ar lubnān ‘Lebanon’.
▪ LBN_6: Hbr liḇnäh ‘poplar (BDB1906), styrax, birch (Klein1987)’, Syr lebanītā, Ar lubnà, Gz ləbən ‘arbrisseau qui donne du storax, (BDB1906:) styrax officinalis’, Gz lebne ‘sorte de palme; sorte d’arbres’, Ar lubnà
▪ LBN_7: EgAr libān ‘towline’: no cognates in Sem.

1. Cf. also poet. lᵊḇānāh ‘moon’, lit. *‘the white one’. 2. According to BDB1906, Gz libānos ‘incense’ is from Grk líbanos.

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▪ Engl Lebanon ↗lubnān. – Engl benjamin, benzoin ↗lubān.

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libn لِبْن , var. labin

ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.coll.

unburnt brick(s), adobes – WehrCowan1979.

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► labbana, vb. II, to make brick: denom.

► libnaẗ, labinaẗ, n.un., pl. ‑āt, unburnt brick, adobe; (saud.-ar.) a sort of cheese | ~āt ʔasāsiyyaẗ, n.pl., basic structural units.
► labbān, n., 1 brickmaker; 2 For another meaning see ↗laban.

laban لَبَن , pl. ʔalbān , libān

ID 779 • Sw – • BP 3085 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.

milk; (syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk – WehrCowan1979.

▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *lbn ‘white’, one of the four basic colours in the protSem colour spectrum¹ (see also Ar ↗BYḌ for ‘white’, ↗ẒLM and SWD for ‘black’, ↗ʔDM and ḤMR for ‘red’, ↗WRQ and ḪḌR for ‘green’).
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1. As reconstructed by Bulakh 2003, 2004, 2006a, 2006b.

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► ʔalbān, n.pl., dairy products, milk products.
► laban al-ḫaḍḍ, n., buttermilk.
► laban rāʔib, n., curdled milk, curds.
► laban al-zīr (eg.) and laban ʕāqid, n., curds, cottage cheese.
► širs al-laban, n., whey.
► mīzān al-laban, n., lactoscope.
► farʕ al-ʔalbān, n., dairy department.

► ĭltabana, vb. VIII, to suck milk: T-stem, denom., autobenef..
► labanī, adj., lactic, milk (adj.); milky, milklike, lacteous, lacteal: nsb-adj.
► labaniyyaẗ, n.f., a dish prepared of milk: nominalized adj., f. of labanī.
► labanāt, n., lactate: neologism. | ~ al-ǧīr, n., calcium lactate.
► labān, n., breast:.
► libān, n., 1 sucking, nursing: vn. III, denom., assoc. – 2 For another meaning see ↗s.v.
► labbān, n., 1 milkman: n.prof. – 2 For another meaning see ↗libn.
► libānaẗ, n.f., selling or production of milk products, dairy: n. of profession, denom.
► labinaẗ, labūn, labūnaẗ, pl. libān, lubn, lubun, labāʔinᵘ, n., milch, giving milk: adj. | ḥayawān labūn, n., mammal.
► malbanaẗ, n.f., dairy: n.loc. (place where mild is produced/processed)

lubān لُبان

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.

frankincense, olibanum; chewing gum (=~ al-maḍġ) – WehrCowan1979.

▪ WSem *lubān(at)‑ ‘frankincense’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl benjamin, benzoin, from Ar lubān ‘frankincense’.↗

► lubān ǧāwī, n., benzoin.
► lubān ḏakar, n., (eg.) olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of Boswellia carteri; bot.).
► lubān šāmī, n., (eg.) a pitchy resin used as a depilatory (resin of Pinus Brutia Ten.).
► lubān al-ʕaḏrāʔ, n., magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter salt.

► malban, n., a sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios

libān لِبان

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.

1 (EgAr) towline. – 2 For another meaning see ↗laban . – WehrCowan1979.

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lubānaẗ لُبانة , pl. ‑āt , lubān

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.f.

wish, desire, object, aim, goal, end; business, undertaking, enterprise – WehrCowan1979.

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lubnà لُبْنَى

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√LBN

n.f.f.

storax/styrax tree – WehrCowan1979.

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lubnānᵘ لُبْنانُ

√LBN

n.prop.topon., m./f.

Lebanon – WehrCowan1979.

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▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Lebanon, from Hbr lᵊbānôn ‘Lebanon’, from lābān ‘white’, from lābēn ‘to be(come) white’.

► ^BP#212lubnānī, adj., Lebanese; (pl. ‑ūn), n., a Lebanese: nsb-adj. (and nominal.).

lubnānī لُبْنانِيّ

√LBN

¹adj.; ²n.

adj., Lebanese; (pl. ‑ūn), n., a Lebanese – WehrCowan1979.

nsb-adj., from ↗Lubnān.

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See ↗Lubnān.

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