Bibliotheca Polyglotta

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘open space, pasture land, to pasture; to shoot out, branches, to be convoluted, to be obscure; bright, smokeless flame, a bright tongue of fire, to exaggerate; coral; small pearls’. The word marǧān, which philologists classify under this root, is an early borrowing into Ar from Pers, perhaps through Aram.

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▪ Any relation between MRǦ_1 and MRǦ_2 (the latter being fig. use of the former)?
▪ MRǦ_3 < Grk.

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marǧ مَرْج , pl. murūǧ

√MRǦ

grass-covered steppe; pasture; meadow – WehrCowan1979.

Etymology not clear. Suggestions for a derivation of the word from bi-consonantal themes with similar meanings have been made but seem rather speculative.

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▪ According to Ehret1989, the obsolete vb. ^†maraǧ‑ (vn. marǧ) ‘to send an animal to pasture’ is an extension in “durative” *g from an earlier biconsonantal *mr, the “simple form” of which has been preserved in ↗marr‑ / marar‑ ‘to pass, pass by, depart, go away’. Other triradical themes from the same *mr‑ : (+ “inchoative/denominative” *y =) ^†mary ‘to take out, pull out’, (+ “durative” *t =) ^†mart ‘to drive away’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1741 reconstruct Sem *marg‑ ‘meadow’ and parallel this with the word morgo ‘field’ in one ECh language (their basis for reconstructing ECh *m˅r˅g‑ < *marug‑), and perhaps also Or marga ‘grass’ (< LEC *mar˅g‑). On account of these cognates the authors reconstruct AfrAs *mar˅g‑ ‘field’ (which they think may in turn be derived from AfrAs *mar‑ ‘field’).

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► marǧ in: harǧ wa-marǧ confusion, jumble, tumult, hubbub: related to marǧ ‘meadow’?
► maraǧ disorder, confusion, jumble: related to marǧ ‘meadow’?

marǧān مَرْجان , var. murǧān

√MRǦN

n.coll. (n.u. ‑aẗ)

small pearls; corals | samak m. goldfish – WehrCowan1979.

A loan-word that came into Ar via Syr MRGNYtā from mPers murvārīt ‘pearl’.

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▪ Jeffery1938: 261: »The word […] was ‎early recognized as borrowed from Persia,¹ but it is certain that it did ‎not come directly from Iranian into Ar.² – We find in Phlv murvārīt,³ a ‘pearl’ used, e.g. in the Gosht-i Fryānō, ii, 13, in describing the crowns presented to the daughters of Spitama after death. From ‎mPers the word was borrowed widely, e.g. Grk margarítēs ⁴ ; Aram mrgnytā; Syr mrgnytā, ‎and from some Aram form⁵ it came into Ar. It would have come at an early date ‎for it is used in the old poetry and was doubtless well known in the pre-Islamic period«.
▪ No ‎connection whatsoever with (hypothetical) *√RǦN, nor with the other items listed under ↗√MRǦ.

1. al-Ǧawālīqī, Muʕarrab, 144; as-Suyūṭī, Itq, 324 ‎‎; Muḥīṭ, sub voc., and see Sachau’s note to the Muʕarrab, p. 65. 2. In spite of Addai Sher, 144, and his attempted ‎derivation from mar + ǧān. 3. West, Glossary, 213; Šāyast, Glossary, 163; cf. Horn, Grundriss, 218, n. 4. Also margarís, ‑ídos, from ‎which comes the Arm margaris and the European forms. 5. Fraenkel, Fremdw, 59. The Mand mʔrgʔnyʔtʔ would also seem ‎to be from the same source, vide Nöldeke, Mundart, 53; Mingana, Syriac Influence, 90; ‎Vollers, ZDMG, 1, 611; li, 303.

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► marǧānī coralline, coral, coralli‑ (in compounds), corallike, coral-red: nsb-adj. | pl. marǧāniyyāt coral polyps, anthozoans (zool.); ǧazīraẗ m.iyyaẗ atoll; šiʕāb m.iyyaẗ coral reefs

murǧān مُرْجان , var. marǧān

√MRǦN

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↗marǧān

▪ eC7 Q 55:22 yaḫruǧu min-humā ’l-luʔuʔu wa’l-marǧānu ‘There cometh forth from both of them the pearl and coral-stone’, 55:58 ka-ʔanna-hunna ’l-yāqūtu wa’l-marǧānu ‘(In beauty) like the jacynth and the coral-stone’.

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