Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ NQB_1 ‘to pierce; overseer, chief; syndicate, trade-union; intellect; veil’ ↗naqaba, ↗naqīb, ↗niqāb, ↗manāqibᵘ
▪ NQB_2 ‘Negev’ ↗Naqab
▪ NQB_3 ‘…’ ↗…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘perforation on a camel’s hooves; to pierce, to dig, to dig up; to search; nature, disposition, good character, good deeds; chief; veil, to wear a veil’

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▪ Engl Maccabee, niqab, cf. ↗naqaba, ↗niqāb.

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naqab‑ نَقَبَ , u (naqb)

ID … • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√NQB

vb., I

to bore, pierce, perforate, breach, make a hole or breach, punch or drill a hole; to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate, hollow out; to traverse (fī a country), pass, travel (fī through); to inquire, ask, look, search (ʕan for), examine thoroughly, investigate, explore, search into, delve into – WehrCowan1979.

▪ From protSem *√NQB ‘to pierce’ – Huehnergard2011.
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘to pierce’) Akk nqb (i) ‘deflower’ [CAD: naqābu ‘to deflower, rape’], Hbr nqb a (o), Syr nqb a (u), SAr nqb.
▪ BDB 1906: Ass naḳbu ‘depth, spring’ (of water) [CAD: nagbu ‘spring, fountain; underground water’], Hbr nāqaḇ ‘to pierce’, Aram nᵊqaḇ, Syr nqaḇ ‘piercing, boring through’, Ar naqaba ‘to perforate, pierce; to scrutinize’, naqībaẗ ‘sagacity’, naqīb ‘leader, chief’ (one who scrutinizes). – Hbr näqäḇ appar. a ‘pass’ on border of Naphtali, Ar naqb ‘road between mountains’. – Hbr maqqǟḇǟṯ 1. ‘hammer’ (by means of which on drives in nails and pegs), 2. ‘hole, excavation’.

▪ Ehret1995#645 (naqb to till or cultivate the ground; hollow out, excavate): an extension in »extendative« *‑b ¹ from a bi-consonantal »pre-Proto-Semitic« (pPS, i.e. preSem) root *nḳ ‘to scrape’ < AfrAs *‑ɲuuk'‑ ‘to rub’. – Other extensions from the same pre-Sem root: NQṮ_2 • NQḤ • NQR • NQŠ_2.

1. Cf. Ehret1995_Verbext

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl Maccabee, from Hbr maqqebet (< *manqabt‑) ‘hammer’, from nāqab ‘to pierce’.
▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl niqab, from Ar niqāb ‘veil’, from naqaba ‘to pierce, bore a hole, perforate’.

► naqiba, a (naqab), vb. I, to be perforated, be full of holes: denom. from naqb (?).
► naqqaba, vb. II, to dig (ʕan for); to drill (ʕan for, e.g., for oil); to explore, study, investigate (ʕan s.th.), penetrate, delve, search (ʕan into), look, search (ʕan for); to travel (fī through): intens. of I (?).
► nāqaba, vb. III, to vie in virtues (‑hu with s.o.):.
► tanaqqaba, vb. V, to examine, study, investigate (ʕan s.th.), look, search (ʕan for): t-stem of II, reflexive; to veil her face (woman): denom. from niqāb; to be perforated, be full of holes: pseudo-pass. of II, denom. from naqb.
► ĭntaqaba, vb. VIII, to put on a veil, veil one’s face: denom. from niqāb.

► naqb, n., digging, excavation; piercing, perforation; — (pl. ʔanqāb, niqāb) hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel: the proper etymon?
► naqqāb, n., punch: ints.
► ^BP#3999niqāb, pl. nuqub, ʔanqibaẗ, n., veil: »voile dans lequel on a pratiqué deux trous à l’endroit des yeux« (Dozy ii 1881) | kašafa ‘l-niqāb ʕan to uncover, reveal, disclose s.th.
► ^BP#2150niqābaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n., cooperative society; union, association, guild; corporation; syndicate; trade-union, labor union: originally, the office of a naqīb I n. al-ʕummāl, n., trade-union, labor union; n. mihniyyaẗ, n., white collar union:.
► ^BP#4926niqābī, adj., cooperative; syndicalistic; syndicalist; trade-unionist: nsb-adj from niqābaẗ.
► niqābiyyaẗ, n.f., syndicalism; trade-unionism: n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ, from niqābaẗ.
► ^BP#3877naqīb, pl. nuqabāʔᵘ, n., leader, head, headman; director, principal, chief; chairman of a guild; president; syndic, corporation lawyer; head of a labour or trade union; captain (in most Arab countries; mil.); staff sergeant, first sergeant (Jord.; mil.); tongue of a balance: properly, ‘one who sees through things, one whose view penetrates’, hence: ‘one who has overview, can oversee’ | n. al-ʔašrāf, n., head of the Alids, head of the descendants of the Prophet:.
► naqībaẗ, pl. naqāʔibᵘ, n., soul, spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition, nature, temper, character: < *‘the ability to penetrate (a subject) intelletually, to examine, investigate’ (?).
► manqib, minqab, and manqabaẗ, pl. manāqibᵘ, n., mountain trail, defile, pass: *‘trail digged into the mountain’ (?).
► minqab and minqabaẗ, n.f., punch, perforator, drill; lancet: n.instr.
► manāqibᵘ, n.pl., virtues, outstanding traits; glorious deeds, feats, exploits: *‘deeds that exceed the usual and penetrate into the spheres of glory’ (?).
► ^BP#4923tanqīb, pl. ‑āt, n., drilling (esp., for oil); digging, excavation; investigation, examination, inquiry, search, exploration, research: vn. II.
► tanqībī, adj.: biʔr tanqībiyyaẗ, drilled well, exploratory well (oil industry): nsb-adj from tanqīb.
► munaqqib, pl. ‑ūn, n., drilling or excavation specialist; excavator; prospector; investigator, researcher, scholar, explorer: nominalized and lexicalized PA II.

niqāb نِقاب , pl. nuqub , ʔanqibaẗ

ID 873 • Sw – • BP 3999 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021

√NQB

veil | kašafa ’l-niqāb ʕan to uncover, reveal, disclose s.th. – WehrCowan1979.

From ↗naqaba ‘to pierce’, i.e., properly, a tissue into which two holes for the eyes have been made.¹

1. »voile dans lequel on a pratiqué deux trous à l’endroit des yeux« (Dozy ii 1881).

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↗NQB, ↗naqaba

▪ (Huehnergard2011:) Engl niqab, from Ar niqāb ‘veil’, from ↗naqaba ‘to pierce, bore a hole, perforate’.

► tanaqqaba, vb. V, to veil her face (woman): denom. – For other meanings ↗naqaba V.
► ĭntaqaba, vb. VIII, to put on a veil, veil one’s face: denom.

naqīb نَقِيب , pl. nuqabāʔᵘ

√NQB

leader, head, headman; director, principal, chief; chairman of a guild; president; syndic, corporation lawyer; head of a labour or trade union; captain (in most Arab countries; mil.); staff sergeant, first sergeant (Jord. ; mil.); tongue of a balance | n. al-ʔašrāf, n., head of the Alids, head of the descendants of the Prophet – WehrCowan1979.

From ↗naqaba ‘to pierce’, properly *‘one who sees through things, one whose view penetrates’, hence: ‘one who has overview, can oversee’

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↗NQB, ↗naqaba

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► ^BP#2150niqābaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n., cooperative society; union, association, guild; corporation; syndicate; trade-union, labor union: originally, the office of a naqīb I n. al-ʕummāl, n., trade-union, labor union; n. mihniyyaẗ, n., white collar union:.
► ^BP#4926niqābī, adj., cooperative; syndicalistic; syndicalist; trade-unionist: nsb-adj from niqābaẗ.
► niqābiyyaẗ, n.f., syndicalism; trade-unionism: n.abstr. in ‑iyyaẗ, from niqābaẗ.
► naqībaẗ, pl. naqāʔibᵘ, n., soul, spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition, nature, temper, character: derived from naqīb ? Or directly from ↗naqaba (*‘the ability to penetrate (a topic) intellectually, to examine, investigate’)?

manāqibᵘ مَناقِبُ

√NQB

n.pl.

virtues, outstanding traits; glorious deeds, feats, exploits – WehrCowan1979.

Ultimately from ↗naqaba ‘to make a hole, pierce’? If so, semantics could be explained as *‘deeds that exceed the usual and penetrate into higher, lofty spheres’, or as a figurative use of the pl. of manqab *‘place where a breach has been made’ (n.loc.), hence ‘pass (in the mountains)’, i.e. a difficult trail. Other ClassAr etymologies connect the term either to ↗naqībaẗ ‘soul; trait of character, disposition’, or to ↗naqīb ‘chief’ (the one who scrutinizes).

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↗naqaba.

Ch. Pellat, “Manāḳib”, in EI² : »To define this term, the lexicographers make it a synonym of ʔaḫlāq, taken in the sense of ‘natural dispositions (good or bad), innate qualities, character’, and associate it with naqībaẗ, explained by nafs ‘soul’, ḫalīqaẗ or ṭabīʕaẗ, likewise signifying ‘trait of character, disposition’, but also with nafāḏ al-raʔy, ‘perspicacity’, in such a way that the connection with the radical n-q-b, which is particularly expressive and implies especially the concrete sense of ‘perforate, pierce (a wall, for example)’, thus, in an abstract sense, ‘succeed in penetrating a secret’, becomes perfectly clear. Perhaps it should be approached as is suggested by Ibn Manẓūr (LA, sub radice n-q-b), via naqīb ‘chief’, thus named because he is privy to ‘the secrets of his fellow-tribesmen […] and to their manāqib, which is the means of knowing their affairs’; in short, manāqib would signify almost simultaneously both ‘traits of character’ and ‘acts and deeds’, and its use to introduce a biography centred not only on the actions, but also on the moral qualities of an individual, would be entirely legitimate. Finally, also worth consideration is an alternative meaning of the verb naqaba, ‘walk, follow a narrow path’, and a subtle connection may be observed between two senses of the singular manqabaẗ : on the one hand, ‘narrow street between two houses’, or ‘difficult path on the mountain’ (cf. Yāḳūt s.v. al-Manāqib; Sīra, ii, 468) and, on the other hand, ‘noble action’, in contrast to maṯlabaẗ ‘villainy, subject of shame’ […]. If the last explanation suggested is correct, one is entitled to consider that a semantic evolution has occurred comparable to that of ↗sīrat.«

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al‑Naqab النَّقَب

√NQB

n.prop.

Negev (desert region in S Israel) – WehrCowan1979.

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▪ Engl Negev

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