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Click to Expand/Collapse OptionEtymArab
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WRQ ورق 
ID … • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√WRQ 
“root” 
▪ WRQ_1 ‘foliage, leaves; paper’ ↗waraq
▪ WRQ_2 ‘…’ ↗

Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘(tree) leaf; (book) leaf; (of animals and birds) green, brown or grey; gold or silver coin; to come into leaf’ 
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▪ Kogan2011: from protSem *wrḳ ‘yellow-green’, one of the four basic colours in the protSem colour spectrum1 (see also Ar ↗LBN and BYḌ for ‘white’, ↗ẒLM and SWD for ‘black’, ↗ʔDM and ḤMR for ‘red’). However, the main Ar designation of ‘green’ is ↗ʔaḫḍarᵘ (perh. related to Hbr ḥāṣīr ‘grass; leek’).
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– 
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▪ Bergsträsser1928: (*‘¹yellow-green, ²vegetables’) ¹²Akk warqu, Hbr ¹yéreq, ²yārāq, ²Syr yarqā, Gz warq ‘gold’.
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waraq وَرَق 
ID 919 • Sw 25/86 • BP 558 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√WRQ 
n.coll. 
1 foliage, leafage, leaves; 2 paper; 3 paper money, banknotes; 4 thin sheet metal, laminated metal – WehrCowan1979. 
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waraq tamġaẗ, n., stamped paper
waraq al-rasm, n., drawing paper
waraq al-zīnaẗ, n., wallpaper, paper hangings
waraq al-sanfaraẗ, n., emery paper, glass paper, sandpaper
waraq šaffāf, n., tracing paper
waraq al-šāhidaẗ, n., carbon paper
waraq maṭbūʕ (TunAr), n., stamped paper
waraq ʕādim, n., wastepaper
waraq muqawwan, n., cardboard, pasteboard
waraq al-kitābaẗ, n., writing paper
waraq al-laʕib, n., playing cards
waraq al-laff, n., wrapping paper
waraq naššāf (naššāš), n., blotting paper
waraq naqdī, n., paper money
waraq al-yā-naṣīb, n., lottery tickets
ʔawrāq al-ʔišġāl, n. pl., business papers, commercial papers
ʔawrāq al-ĭʕtimād, n. pl., credentials
ʔawrāq al-ḥukūmaẗ, n. pl., government bonds
ʔawrāq al-qaḍiyyaẗ, n. pl., court records
ʔawrāq māliyyaẗ, n. pl., 1 securities, bonds; 2 banknotes, paper money
ʔawrāq al-mūsīqā, n. pl., sheet music
ʔawrāq naqdiyyaẗ, waraq al-naqd, n. pl., n., banknotes, paper money
ḥibr ʕalà waraq, expr., mere ink on paper, of no effect (e.g., treaty, agreement)
ṭaraḥa ’l-ʔawrāq ʕalà ’l-māʔidaẗ, expr., 1 to lay the cards on the table; 2 to show one’s hand

 
WRK ورك
 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 27Jul2023
√WRK
 
"root" 
▪ WRK_1 ‘hip, haunch; thigh’ ↗wark (~wirk, ~warik)
▪ WRK_2 ‘...’ ↗...
 
▪ [v1] MilitarevKogan2000 (SED I) #288 gives many cognates and reconstructs Sem *warik(-at)- ‘hip(-bone)’ as their common ancestor. – Ar wark (~wirk, ~warik) ‘hip, haunch; thigh’ may also be related (as a kind of “extension”?) to warr(aẗ) ‘haunch-bone’ (↗WRː (WRR)_2) and, perh., via the latter, to the semantic complex ‘behind, back, rear side’ (↗warāʔ, s.r. WRY).
▪ ...
 

 
▪ [v1] MilitarevKogan2000 (SED I) #288 : Akk (w)arkatu (Ass urkatu) ‘rear side’, ?Ug yrk ‘hip’, Hbr yārēk ‘upper thigh; side’, JudAram yərak (det. yarḵā) ‘haunch, thigh’, Sab wrk ‘hip, thigh’, Mhr wərkīt ‘hip, hip-bone and flesh’, Ḥrs wərkēt ‘thighbone, hip’, Jib irs̄ét ‘hip’, Ar wark, wirk ‘hanche, partie supérieure de la cuisse’, warak ‘l’os même de la hanche’, warik ‘le haut du fémur, hanche’, Te wärkät (?wäräkät, Amh wärč ‘foreleg of an animal’
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wark وَرْك , var. wirk, warik, pl. ʔawrāk
 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 27Jul2023
√WRK
 
n.f.
 
1a hip, haunch; b thigh – WehrCowan1976
 
▪ MilitarevKogan2000 (SED I) #288 gives many cognates and reconstructs Sem *warik(-at)- ‘hip(-bone)’ as their common ancestor.
▪ Ar wark (~wirk, ~warik) ‘hip, haunch; thigh’ may also be related (as a kind of “extension”?) to warr(aẗ) ‘haunch-bone’ (↗WRː (WRR)_2) and, perh., via the latter, to the semantic complex ‘behind, back, rear side’ (↗warāʔ, s.r. WRY).
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▪ LibAr wirik ‘Oberschenkel’ (BehnstedtWoidich2011: 163), other dialects wirk (cf. ibid.: 155, 166, 179–180)
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▪ MilitarevKogan2000 (SED I) #288 : Akk (w)arkatu (Ass urkatu) ‘rear side’, ?Ug yrk ‘hip’, Hbr yārēk ‘upper thigh; side’, JudAram yərak (det. yarḵā) ‘haunch, thigh’, Sab wrk ‘hip, thigh’, Mhr wərkīt ‘hip, hip-bone and flesh’, Ḥrs wərkēt ‘thighbone, hip’, Jib irs̄ét ‘hip’, Ar wark, wirk ‘hanche, partie supérieure de la cuisse’, warak ‘l’os même de la hanche’, warik ‘le haut du fémur, hanche’, Te wärkät (?wäräkät, Amh wärč ‘foreleg of an animal’
▪ Cf. perh. also ↗WRː (WRR)_2 (warr(aẗ)) and, perh., with the latter also ↗warāʔ (√WRY).
▪ ...
 
▪ See above, section CONC.
 

 

 
WRWR ورور
 
ID – • Sw – • BP – • APD … • © SG | 27Jul2023
√WRWR
 
"root" 
▪ WRWR_1 ‘bee-eater (bird of the species Merops; zool.)’ ↗warwār
▪ WRWR_2 ‘crisp and young; green, unexperienced’: EgAr ↗wirwir; cf. also EgAr wirwiraẗ ‘young chicken; [slang] girl; fresh produce! (vegetable vendor’s cry)’

Other values, now obsolete, include (Hava1899):

WRWR_3 ‘to speak volubly’: warwara (fī ’l-kalām)
WRWR_4 ‘to look fixedly at’: warwara ’l-naẓarᵃ; cf. also warwarī ‘weak-sighted’
WRWR_
 
▪ [v1] : MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB): from Sem *ʔarVr- ~ *warwar- ‘bee-eater’ < AfrAs *wary- (MilitarevKogan2005 SED II: *w˅r‑) ‘kind of bird’.
▪ [v2] : According to BadawiHinds1986, the EgAr adj. wirwir ‘crisp and young; green, unexperienced’, and the nominalized f. form, EgAr wirwiraẗ ‘young chicken; [slang] girl; fresh produce! (vegetable vendor’s cry)’ are of Copt provenance (Corriente2008 gives Copt brre or bēre ‘new, young’, repeated in some vendors’ cries; cf. also BehnstedtWoidich2011: 258, remarking that the word refers to lambs). – Cf. also DRS #WRWR-6 where the authors see it together with Te wirwirro ‘premiers fruits’.
[v3] : In DRS #WRWR-2, Ar warwara (fī ’l-kalām) ‘to speak volubly’ is juxtaposed to EAr waṛwaṛ ‘faire wör wör comme l’oiseau waṛwāṛ’, thus regarded akin to [v1] warwār ‘guêpier (oiseau) | bee-eater’. – Cf. also Ehret1995 #972 AfrAs *-war-/-wir- ‘to call out’: ↗WRː (WRR) (EgAr warrᵃ), ↗WRWR_3 warwarᵃ ‘to speak fast, speak volubly’. – DRS is not sure whether ‘to speak volubly’ (= their #WRWR-2) should, or should not, be connected to [v4] ‘to look fixedly, intensely’ (= their #WRWR-1).
[v4] warwara ’l-naẓarᵃ ‘to look fixedly at’, warwarī, adj.,weak-sighted : etymology obscure. DRS considers a possible relation betw. ‘to look fixedly, intensely’ (= their #WRWR-1) and [v3] ‘to speak volubly’ (= their #WRWR-2).
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▪ [v1] MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB) #2678: Akk arru ‘bird used for decoy’, Syr warwārā ‘merops’ (< Ar?),1 Ar warwār ‘guépier (oiseau)’, Tña ʔirir, ʔǝrir ‘bird which has an instinct to lead a honey gatherer to where there is honey’; ? Tña wari ‘kind of blackbird whose feathers have a metallic sheen’, Amh wari ‘a kind of blackbird’. – Outside Sem: Eg (Pyr) wr ‘swallow’; (WChad) Ha wā́rà ‘eagle’, (CChad) Higi-Futu, H.-Nkafa waři, H.-Kamale (Kapsiki) wəři, H.-Ghye wǝrì ‘kite’; Beja ḗrʔe ‘white-tailed sea-eagle’, (SCush) Dahalo (Sanye) weere ‘peafowl’; (NOmot) Woleta awriya ‘cock’ (< Sem?)2
▪ [v1] : DRS 7 (1997) #WRWR-1 Ar warwara, warra ‘regarder intensément’, warwarī ‘qui a la vue faible’, EAr warwar ‘être brillante et attirer le regard (couleur)’, SudAr warwar ‘agiter les doigts pour menacer, menacer, réprimander’; Malt werwer ‘terrifier’.3 - ?2 Ar warwara ‘parler vite’, SudAr warr (fi l-kalām) ‘parler vite’, EAr ‘parler vite pour ne rien dire, jaser’, Malt werwer ‘jacasser, jaser’; – MġrAr warwar ‘faire rru en roulant (voiture, boule)’, EAr waṛwaṛ ‘faire wör wör comme l’oiseau waṛwāṛ’, warwārguêpier (oiseau)’, ? wirwir ‘revolver’ ; EgAr warr ‘bourdonner; tournoyer’. – ? Amh täwärawwärä ‘se railler mutuellement, échanger des pointes’. | Outside Sem : note (Berb) Kab aweṛwəṛ. -3-8 ....
▪ [v2] : DRS 7 (1997) #WRWR-1-5 .... -6 Te wirwirro ‘premiers fruits’, EgAr wirwir ‘frais, tendre, sain’. – Pour BadawiHinds 934, le mot EgAr est d’origine Copt. -7-8 ....
[v3] : DRS 7 (1997) #WRWR-1 Ar warwara, warra ‘regarder intensément’, warwarī ‘qui a la vue faible’, EAr warwar ‘être brillante et attirer le regard (couleur)’, SudAr warwar ‘agiter les doigts pour menacer, menacer, réprimander’; Malt werwer ‘terrifier’.4 - ?2 Ar warwaraparler vite’, SudAr warr (fi l-kalām)parler vite’, EAr ‘parler vite pour ne rien dire, jaser’, Malt werwerjacasser, jaser’; – MġrAr warwar ‘faire rru en roulant (voiture, boule)’, EAr waṛwaṛ ‘faire wör wör comme l’oiseau waṛwāṛ’, warwār ‘guêpier (oiseau)’, ? wirwir ‘revolver’; EgAr warr ‘bourdonner; tournoyer’. – ? Amh täwärawwärä ‘se railler mutuellement, échanger des pointes’.5 -3-8 ....
[v4] : DRS 7 (1997) #WRWR-1 Ar warwara, warra ‘regarder intensément’, warwarīqui a la vue faible’, EAr warwar ‘être brillante et attirer le regard (couleur)’, SudAr warwar ‘agiter les doigts pour menacer, menacer, réprimander’; Malt werwer ‘terrifier’.6 - ?2 Ar warwara ‘parler vite’, SudAr warr (fi l-kalām) ‘parler vite’, EAr ‘parler vite pour ne rien dire, jaser’, Malt werwer ‘jacasser, jaser’; – MġrAr warwar ‘faire rru en roulant (voiture, boule)’, EAr waṛwaṛ ‘faire wör wör comme l’oiseau waṛwāṛ’, warwār ‘guêpier (oiseau)’, ? wirwir ‘revolver’ ; EgAr warr ‘bourdonner; tournoyer’. – ? Amh täwärawwärä ‘se railler mutuellement, échanger des pointes’. -3-8 ....
 
▪ [v1] MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB) reconstruct Sem *ʔarVr- ~ *warwar- ‘bee-eater (used to find honey)’1 , Eg wr ‘swallow’, protChad *war- (> WChad *wara ‘eagle’, CChad *war- ‘kite’), Beja ḗrʔe ‘white-tailed sea-eagle’, Dahalo weere ‘peafowl’, protOmot *Hawriy- ‘cock’ (< *ʔa-wriy-? but perh. < Sem, see COGN, above).
 
– 
– 
warwār وَرْوار , pl. warāwīrᵘ
 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 27Jul2023
√WRWR
 
n.
 
▪ bee eater (bird of the species Merops; zool.) – WehrCowan1976
 
▪ According to MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB), Ar warwār ‘bee-eater’ is from Sem *ʔarVr- ~ *warwar- ‘id.’ < AfrAs *wary- (MilitarevKogan2005 SED II: *w˅r‑) ‘kind of bird’
 
▪ MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB) #2678: Akk arru ‘bird used for decoy’, Syr warwārā ‘merops’ (< Ar?),7 Ar warwār ‘guépier (oiseau)’, Tña ʔirir, ʔǝrir ‘bird which has an instinct to lead a honey gatherer to where there is honey’; ? Tña wari ‘kind of blackbird whose feathers have a metallic sheen’, Amh wari ‘a kind of blackbird’. – Outside Sem: Eg (Pyr) wr ‘swallow’; (WChad) Ha wā́rà ‘eagle’, (CChad) Higi-Futu, H.-Nkafa waři, H.-Kamale (Kapsiki) wəři, H.-Ghye wǝrì ‘kite’; Beja ḗrʔe ‘white-tailed sea-eagle’, (SCush) Dahalo (Sanye) weere ‘peafowl’; (NOmot) Woleta awriya ‘cock’ (< Sem?)8
▪ ...
 
▪ MilitarevStolbova2007 (StarLingTB) reconstruct Sem *ʔarVr- ~ *warwar- ‘bee-eater (used to find honey)’2 , Eg wr ‘swallow’, protChad *war- (> WChad *wara ‘eagle’, CChad *war- ‘kite’), Beja ḗrʔe ‘white-tailed sea-eagle’, Dahalo weere ‘peafowl’, protOmot *Hawriy- ‘cock’ (< *ʔa-wriy-? but perh. < Sem, see COGN, above).
▪ ...
 
– 
For other values attached to the root, cf. EgAr ↗wirwir as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗WRWR.
 
EgAr wirwir وِرْوِر
 
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 27Jul2023
√WRWR
 
adj.invar.
 
1a crisp and young (vegetable vendor’s cry); b green, inexperienced (of people) – BadawiHinds1986
 
▪ According to BadawiHinds1986 of Copt provenance. Corriente2008 gives Copt brre or bēre ‘new, young’, repeated in some vendors’ cries; cf. also BehnstedtWoidich2011: 258, remarking that the word refers to lambs.
▪ Cf. also DRS #WRWR-6 where the authors see it together with Te wirwirro ‘premiers fruits’.
▪ …
 
▪ ...
 
DRS 7 (1997) #WRWR-1-5 .... -6 Te wirwirro ‘premiers fruits’, EgAr wirwir ‘frais, tendre, sain’. – Pour BadawiHinds1986: 934, le mot EgAr est d’origine Copt. -7-8 ....
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▪ ...
 
– 
EgAr wirwiraẗ, n.f., pl. warāwir, 1a young chicken; b [slang] girl; c fresh produce! (vegetable vendor’s cry) – BadawiHinds1986

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗warwār as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗WRWR.
 
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