Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ^†ǦḤM_2 ‘to open (the eyes)’: ^†ǧaḥama (a, ǧaḥm); cf. also ^†ǧaḥḥama (vb. II) ‘to cast a piercing look (bi at)’, and ^†ǧuḥām ‘swelling of the eyes’
▪ ^†ǦḤM_3 ‘to abstain; to depart (ʕan from)’: ^†ʔaǧḥama (vb. IV)
▪ ^†ǦḤM_ ‘…’: ^†…

♦ Semantic value spectrum in ClassAr (acc. to BAH2008): ‘great fire, blaze, intense fire, to light a fire, to burn’

conc

▪ [v1]/[v2] : It is not totally clear whether [v2] is the result of fig. use of [v1] or whether the latter is dependent on the former. But both seem to belong together. DRS even sees ǧaḥama ‘allumer et attiser le feu’ and ǧaḥīm ‘feu ardent’ in one group together with ǧuḥām ‘inflammation (de l’œil)’.
▪ [v1] : According to DRS 2 (1994) is Sem GḤM a little attested (cognates only in Te and Amh!) doublet of Sem GḤL (not realized in Ar). – Cf. also Sem GHM (> Ar ↗ǧahuma ‘to frown, glower’, ↗ǧahām ‘clouds’), GḤR (no relevant items in MSA), GMR (> Ar ↗ǧamara ‘to roast’), PḤM (> Ar ↗faḥm ‘coal’). – For another word for ‘hell’ see ↗ǧahannamnᵘ.
▪ ^†[v2] : Prob. fig. use of [v1]. – According to Borg2021, the Ar word is cognate with an Eg (MK) vb.
▪ ^†[v3] : etymology obscure.
▪ …

hist

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cogn

▪ DRS 2 (1994) #GḤM-1 Ar ǧaḥama ‘allumer et attiser le feu’, ǧaḥīm ‘feu ardent’, ǧuḥām ‘inflammation (de l’œil)’; Te gäḥam ‘charbon’, gäḥamä ‘réduire en charbon; perdre la vue’; Amh gamä ‘être chaud, chauffé’. -2 Soq géḥam ‘acquérir, pouvoir, gagner’. -3 Te ʔagḥamä ‘être assis (chien)’.
▪ [v1] : Zammit2002 : Aram gaḥᵃmūn ‘burn them’,¹ Ar ǧaḥīm ‘Hell, hell-fire, fiercely burning fire’.
▪ [v2] : Borg2021 #90 ǧ-ḥ-m compares Ar ǧaḥama ‘to open (the eyes) | die Augen öffnen und auf etwas richten’ with Eg (MK) gmḥ (metathesis!) ‘catch sight of, espy, look at | sehen, erblicken; weit blicken (vom Auge)’ (Faulkner 1962: 289; Wb V 170; Ember 1930: 79).
▪ [v3] : ?
▪ …

1. DRS 2 (1994) quotes Jastrow who thinks the Aram *gḥm is an Arabism.

▪ …

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