Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ In DRS, zaraqa in the sense of ‘to drop excrement (bird)’ is seen together with zaraqa ‘to throw, hurl; to hit, pierce, jab, bore’ (and even ↗zawraq ‘small boat’). The meaning of the root in Sem in general varies between ‘to sprinkle, scatter’ and ‘to hit (and hence also: pierce)’. For the 2-cons. root nucleus *ZR- from which this ZRQ can be seen as an extension in *‑ḳ (Ar ‑q), Ehret1989 assumes a basic value of ‘to spill’. If this is correct, the semantic development could be imagined to have been as follows: ‘to spill’ > ‘to sprinkle, scatter, disperse’ > ‘to drop [=v1]; to throw, hurl [=v2c]’ > ‘to hit’ [=v2a] > ‘to pierce’ [=v2ab]. In contrast, Orel&Stolbova1994#2610 reconstruct a 3-cons. root Sem *z˅r˅ḳ‑ ‘to dart’, from AfrAs *ʒariḳ‑ / *ʒaruḳ‑ ‘to throw, push’.
▪ The vn. zarq seems to have been an early, though not very common med. techn. term for ‘injecting, injections’ (today: zarq al-ʔibar).
▪ For a possible connection with ↗ʔazraqᵘ (today: ‘blue’, but originally:) ^†‘iridescent, shimmering, glittering, flashing’ (water, eyes of birds, metallic arrowheads, etc.), cf. s.v. and DISC on ZRQ_1-4 and esp. ZRQ_3 in entry ↗ZRQ.
▪ Cf. also ZRQ_4 in ↗ZRQ on a possible relation between zaraqa and ↗zawraq ‘small boat’.

hist

▪ …

cogn

▪ DRS 8 (1999)#ZRQ-2 Akk zarrīq- ‘aux yeux iridescents’, Syr zārqā ‘bleu, vert bleu’, Mand zarūq, nSyr mazrič̣ ‘briller (yeux)’, Ar ʔazraqᵘ ‘bleu, pâle, livide; qui a les yeux bleu pâle, aveugle, brillant’, zarraqa ‘briller’, IrqAr zaraq, zarwaq ‘décorer, colorer’, Ḥass aẓṛag ‘pie (robe d’animaux), bariolé, bigarré’, ʕOmAr mzarga, Ḥrs mezarrget ‘chamelle rousse et noire’, Gz ʔazraq ‘bleu sombre’. – For possible cognates outside Sem cf. below, section DISC.
▪ For cognates of other items that perhaps also are related, cf. ↗ʔazraqᵘ, ↗zawraq, and ↗ZRQ.

disc

▪ In addition to what is said above, section CONC, DRS comments: Sur les rapports entre Akk zuruqq- et Aram zarnūqā, Ar zurnūq, v. s. ZRNQ. – Ebl semble attester une forme de la racine désignant un bâton long; peut-être mazriqu à rapprocher de l’Ar mizrāq ou zirīq comme en Akk, v. ci-dessus. – Une forme Hbr zārqā (Hos. 7 /9) est parfois traduite par ‘s’insinuer’ d’après l’Ar dial. – TargAram présente quelques formes à consonne initiale d : dᵊraq, dārēq ‘asperger, répandre’; peut-être est-ce dû à l’influence de dᵊrā de même sens, v.s. ḎRW/Y? Il peut s’agir aussi d’un phénomène de dissimilation. – Pour ^†zarrāq ‘astrologue’ = ‘jeteur (de sorts)’, rapport avec ‘percer’? – PalAr zeraq ‘taon’, en relation avec ‘injecter, piquer’. – Cf. also ZQː (ZQQ), ZRZQ. – As for outside Sem, DRS, quoting HSED 543 [#2610], compares some Cush formes: Sa -izrig-, -idrig- ‘to stir’, Som durk-, durug-, Arbore zarug, zurg-, zurug-) ‘to shift, push’; (Cush g/k corresponding to Sem q ?). – DRS also suggests to compare [Berb] Mzab əzrəg ‘jaillir’, Tqblt zrirəg ‘couler, filer rapidement sur une surface lisse’, Tua əzrəg, əhrəg ‘aller à l’eau’, et aussi Tua zəreggət ‘percer, commencer à paraître’; emprunts à l’Ar? – Noter, en regard des formes éthiopiennes, [Berb] Tqblt aməẓṛag ‘gros bâton, lance, javelot’. – Orel&Stolbova1994#2610 reconstruct Sem *z˅r˅ḳ- ‘to dart’, [Cush] SaAf *ʒ˅rig- ‘to stir’, LEC *ʒarug- / *ʒaruk- ‘to shift, push’, all from AfrAs *ʒariḳ- / *ʒaruḳ- ‘to throw, push’.
▪ For a possible connection between ʔazraqᵘ ‘blue; (originally:) iridescent, shimmering’ and zaraqa in the sense of ‘to throw, hurl; to hit, pierce’, cf. ʔazraqᵘ and DISC in ↗ZRQ.

west

▪ Tu zerk ‘throwing a javelin’ (1680 Meninski, Thesaurus) < Ar vn. zarq. – The use as a med. technical term in the sense of ‘injecting, injection’ was marginal in Ar and did not appear in Ottoman before the 20th c. Then, however, it became widespread in this sense – Nişanyan_31Dec2014. – Tu mızrak ‘javelin’ (1354 Masʕūd b. ʔAḥmed, Süheyl ü Nevbahar terc. ], from Ar mizrāq ‘id.’ < Ar zaraqa ‘to throw a javelin’– Nişanyan_30Oct2014.

deriv

► zarq al-ʔibar, n., injections, injectings: vn. I, specialisation.

► mizrāq, pl. mazārīqᵘ, n., javelin: n.instr. (from [v2ab]).

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