Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ In itself a borrowing from Syr with the original meaning of ‘piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor for sowing and planting trees’, the word probably belongs, ultimately, to the same (W?)Sem root *ḤKR ‘to set apart and retain (obstinately) for o.s.’ from which also other Ar items are derived (these however without Syr mediation). Most prominent among the latter in MSA is probably ĭḥtakara ‘to monopolize, hold a monopoly’, from ^†ḥakira ‘to be obstinate, keep s.th. for o.s., not allowing anyone a share in it’ (cf. also ^†ḥakara ‘to act wrongfully’), see ↗ḥakar, ↗ḥikr, and ↗ḤKR.
▪ In contrast, Dolgopolsky2012 thinks that the source of Ar ḥākūraẗ, Syr *ḥakūrā ‘field’, goes back to a CSem *ḤKR ‘field in cultivation’. The author puts this together with Sum agar (< Sem) ‘territoire irrigué’ and forms in IE langs (< IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’) like oInd aǧra-ḥ ‘field, plain’, Grk agrós ‘field, farm’, Lat ager, Ge Acker, Engl acre ‘field’. According to Dolgopolsky, the Sem, IE (and Alt) forms go back to Nostr *XakER˅ ‘plain’ (in descendant langs: ‘field’)

hist

▪ …

cogn

▪ Dolgopolsky2012#2571: Syr ḥkwrʔ /*ḥakūrā ?/ ‘field’, mHbr, JPA √ḤKR G ‘to lease, rent (a field, a plot of land)’, JEA √ḤKR G ‘to contract agricultural land as a tenant’.

disc

▪ Both the Syr cognate and the fact that the ClassAr dictionaries identify the word as “of the dial. of Syria” (Lane) corroborate the assumption that ḥākūraẗ is borrowed from Syr.
▪ In contrast, Dolgopolsky2012#2571 thinks that Ar ḥākūraẗ ‘piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor for sowing and planting trees’ is from Syr ḥkwrʔ /*ḥakūrā ?/ ‘field’ < CSem *ḤKR ‘field in cultivation’. The author puts this together with Sum agar (< Sem) ‘territoire irrigué’ and forms in IE langs (< IE *ag̑ro-s ‘field, field in cultivation’) like oInd aǧra-ḥ ‘field, plain’, Grk agrós ‘field, farm’, Lat ager, Ge Acker, Engl acre ‘field’. According to Dolgopolsky, the Sem, IE (and Alt) forms go back to Nostr *XakER˅ ‘plain’ (in descendant langs: ‘field’).

west

–

deriv

For other items of the root, cf. ↗ḤKR, ↗ḥakar, ↗ḥikr.

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