Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ Entry ǦBN in DRS separates the value ‘cowardice’ from the other values in the root. But it is easily conceivable that it is fig. use of ↗ǦBN_2, likening a coward to s.o. who is *‘contracting, shrinking’, like cheese (↗ǧubnaẗ). The basic idea of a *‘shrinking together, forming a bumpy surface’ seems to be connected to Sem *√GBN ‘to be curved, bowed, hunchback’ (SED I #67 Sem *gVb(V)b-, *gVb(b)-an- ‘hump, hunch’), itself prob. an extension in -N from the 2-rad. root nucleus ↗*ǦB- with the basic meaning of ‘difference in altitude, elevation, level’ (see, however, section DISC in entry *ǦB-).
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hist

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cogn

▪ DRS #GBN-1 Hbr gibbēn ‘bossu’, *gabnōn ‘sommet, crête (de montagne)’, JP gᵊbintā, Syr gibnā ‘bosse’, JP Syr gᵊbīn ‘bossu’, Mand gabnia ‘sommets’; Gz gʷəbən, gʷəbər ‘bossu’; ? Ar ǧabbān ‘terrain élevé de forme plate mais où on trouve des monticules’. -2 PhlvAram gbyn, JP Syr gᵊbīnā, Mand gbina, nSyr (aysor) gnīvä ‘sourcil’, Ar ǧabīn ‘côté du front, front, tempe’; Te gäbäna ‘front’. -3 Ar ǧabuna, ǧabana ‘être lâche, poltron’. -4 Akk gubnat-, Hbr gᵊbīnā; PhlvAram gbnth, JP gubnā, Syr gᵊbettā (pl. gubnē), nAram(W) gbečča, Ar ǧubn, ǧubun(n) , Gz g(ʷ)əbnat ‘fromage’; Syr gᵊban ‘contracter, coaguler’. -5 […].
▪ SED I #67 Hbr gibbēn ‘hunchbacked’,¹ , JudAram gibnā, gəbintā ‘hump’; gbynh (det. gbynth) ‘hump, hill’, Syr gəbībā ‘gibbosus’, Ar ǧabab ‘plaie faite par le bât à la bosse du chameau’, ʔaǧabbᵘ ‘qui a la bosse endommagée ou coupé (chameau); qui n’a pas de bosse’ [↗ǦBː (ǦBB)]; Amh gʷäbäbb alä ‘to be hunchbacked’, also ‘to be curved, bowed, bent’, Muh gᵊbᵊn, Gog gʷäbana ‘hunchbacked’.
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1. Hapax; though most Hbr dictionaries interpret the word as ‘humpbacked', the context of Lv 21:20 rather suggests a defect in the eye area

disc

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west

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deriv

►ǧabuna, u (ǧubn, ǧabānaẗ), vb. I, 1a to be a coward, be fearful; b to be too much of a coward (ʕan to do s.th.), shrink (ʕan from s.th.)
►ǧabbana, vb. II, 1-3 ↗²ǧubn; 4 to accuse of cowardice, call a coward (s.o.): D-stem, appellative.

►^BP#4084ǧabān, pl. ǧubanāʔᵘ, n./adj., 1a coward; b cowardly
►ǧabānaẗ, n.f., cowardice: vn. I
►ʔaǧbanᵘ, adj., more cowardly: elat. formation

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗²ǧubn, ↗ǧabīn, and ↗ǧabbānaẗ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦBN.

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