Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ It is tempting to derive the theme of ‘being compelled’ from the notion of *‘hostility, rivalry’ (treated s.v. ↗ḍarra), widely attested throughout Sem, interpreting it as the result of imminent aggression or danger represented by an enemy, causing a feeling of ‘being forced’ into a situation of ‘emergency’, hence also ‘necessity, stress, constraint’ in general. Etymologically, however, ‘to be compelled’ may be a distinct value, dependent on the idea of *‘binding, tying up, restricting’ (see below, section COGN).
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hist

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cogn

▪ ? Cf. Hbr ṣārar ‘to bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped’, Aram ṣrar, Syr ṣar ‘to bind, tie up’, Hbr ṣar ‘(adj.) narrow, tight; (n.) straits, distress’, ṣᵊrûr ‘bundle, parcel, pouch, bag’ (< *s.th. bound up) – BDB1906.
▪ Cf. perh. also ↗ḍarra.

disc

See above, section CONC.

west

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deriv

► ḍarūraẗan, adv., necessararily
► bi’l-ḍarūraẗ, adv., necessarily
► ʕind al-ḍarūraẗ, adv., in case of need, if need be, when necessary
► lil-ḍarūraẗ al-quṣwà, adv., in case of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst
► lil-ḍarūraẗ ʔaḥkām and al-ḍarūraẗ tubīḥ al-maḥẓūrāt, expr., necessity knows no laws.

► ʔaḍarra, vb. IV, 1 = I (↗ḍarra); 2a to force, compel, coerce, oblige; 2b to do violence, bring pressure to bear: *Š-stem, caus.; – 3 ↗ḍarraẗ.
► ^BP#2700 ĭḍṭarra, vb. VIII, 1 to force, compel, coerce, oblige; – pass. uḍṭurra 1a to be forced, compelled, obliged; 1b to be in an emergency or predicament, be hard pressed; 2 to be in need, need, want: Gt-stem.
► ḍarrāʔᵘ, n., distress, adversity | fī ’ṣ-ṣarrāʔ wa’l-ḍarrāʔ, adv., in good and bad days, for better or for worse.
► ^BP#1214ḍarūrī, necessary, imperative, requisite, indispensable, inevitable; pl. ḍarūriyyāt, necessaries, necessities: nisba formation from ḍarūraẗ | kāna min al-ḍarūrī, vb.impers., to be necessary; ḍarūriyyāt al-ḥayāẗ, n.nonhum.pl., necessities of life; ḍarūriyyāt al-ʔaḥwāl, exigencies, requirement of the situation.
► ĭḍṭirār, n., 1a compulsion, coercion; b necessity, exigency, requirement; c plight, predicament, emergency: vn. VIII | ʕind al-ĭḍṭirār , adv., in case of emergency.
► ĭḍṭirārī, adj., coercive, compulsory, inevitable, necessary, obligatory: nisba formation from ĭḍṭirār.
► ^BP#4451muḍṭarr, adj., 1 forced, compelled, obliged (ʔilà to); 2a poor, destitute; 2b wanting (ʔilà s.th.), in need (ʔilà of s.th.) : PP VIII.

For other items of the root, cf. ↗ḍarra, ↗¹ḍarraẗ, ↗²ḍarrat, ↗ḍarīr, as well as, for the overall picture, ↗√ḌRː(ḌRR).

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