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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ʔasar‑ أَسَرَ , i (ʔasr)
meta
ID … • Sw –/171 • BP – • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ʔSR
gram
vb., I
engl
to bind, fetter, shackle, chain; to capture, take prisoner; to captivate, fascinate, hold spellbound, absorb, arrest (the attention) – WehrCowan1979.
conc
▪ Although in a way suggesting itself, research literature does not assume the vb. to be denominative from a n. meaning ‘strap, thong’.
▪ The values ‘to take as captive, prisoner’ and ‘entirety, wholeness; family’ are dependent on the original meaning, giving ‘to bind/tie a person’ and ‘what is bound/tied/held together’, respectively.
▪ OrelStolb1994 reconstruct Sem *ʔ˅sir‑ ‘to bind, join; to hobble [an animal]’ and, on account of some extra-Sem vb.s that may be cognate, see even an AfrAs dimension, reconstructed as AfrAs *ʔacir‑ ‘to bind, tie’.
hist
▪ eC7 Q 33:26 farīqan taqtulūna wa-taʔsirūna farīqan ‘Some ye slew, and ye made captive some’; – (ʔasr physique, build, bodily structure; constitution) Q 76:28 naḥnu ḫalaqnā-hum wa-šadadnā ʔasra-hum ‘We it is who have fashioned them and strengthened their constitution’
cogn
▪ BDB1906, Bennett1998, CAD, Zammit2002: Akk esēru ‘to shut in, enclose, confine; to make capitve’, Ug ʔasr ‘to bind; to make captive’, Hbr ʔāsar ‘to tie, bind, imprison’, Phn ʔsr ‘to bind’, oAram ʔsr ‘to imprison, restrain’, BiblAram ʔᵉsūr ‘band, bond’, Syr ʔᵉsar ‘to bind, make fast, fast, tie,…’, UrmiAram sara, Sab ʔsr ‘to bind, make a prisoner’, Gz ʔasara (BDB; also ʔaśara) ‘ligare, nectare, jungere’, Tña ʔasärä, Amh assärä, Arg hassära ‘to tie’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#12: Akk esēru, Ug ʔsr, Hbr ʔsr ‘to bind, join’, Jib ʔesɔr, Ḥrs Mhr wesōr, Śḥ ʔɛsor ‘to hobble [an animal]’. – Outside Sem: CCh Mofu sasər ‘to plait, weave’, Mafa cacar ‘to tie’; ECh Tum hīr, Kbl saːrr, Lele saar; HEC Sid Kmb usur ‘to tie’.
disc
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#12 reconstruct Sem *ʔ˅sir‑ ‘to bind, join; to hobble’, CCh *ca-car‑ (with partial reduplication) ‘to plait, weave; to tie’, ECh *saʔir‑ (with metathesis) ‘to tie’ and HEC *ʔusur‑ (unexpected *‑s‑ and irregular vocalism) ‘to tie’, all ultimately from AfrAs *ʔacir‑ ‘to bind, tie’.
west
–
deriv
► ĭstaʔsara, vb. X, to surrender, give o.s. up as prisoner: requestative.

► ʔasr, n., (leather) strap, thong; capture: perhaps the etymon proper; BP#2268captivity: vn. I | šiddat al-ʔasr, n., vigor, energy
► BP#664ʔusraẗ, pl. ʔusar, ‑āt, n., family; dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives: see ↗s.v..
► BP#2268bi-ʔasrihī, adv., entirely, completely, altogether, ǧāʔū bi-ʔasrihim all of them came, they came one and all: lit., as a coherent body, held together by some bond; cf. also ↗ʔusraẗ.
► ʔisār, n., (leather) strap, thong: the etymon proper, or derived from ʔasara ?; captivity; captivation, enthrallment: vn. I | waqaʕa fī ʔisārih, vb., to be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches of s.th.
► BP#1292ʔasīr, pl. ʔusarāʔᵘ, ʔasrà, ʔasārà, n., prisoner, captive, prisoner of war: pseudo-PP; see also ↗s.v..
► ʔasīraẗ, pl. ‑āt, female prisoner, slave girl: f. of ʔasīr, pseudo-PP.
► ʔāsir, adj., winning, captivating, fascinating: PA I; n., captor: nominalized PA I.
► maʔsūr, adj., captivated, fascinated, enthralled: PP I.

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