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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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EtymArab
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ḥiṣān حِصان , pl. ḥuṣun, ʔaḥṣinaẗ
meta
ID 214 • Sw – • BP 3307 • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤṢN
gram
n.
engl
1a horse; 1b stallion – WehrCowan1979.
conc
▪ Any connection to other items of √ḤṢN (‘fortress, to be inaccessible’; ‘chastity, unblemished reputation’; ‘fox’)? – Lane ii 1865 reports the Ar lexicographers’ explanation which links ḥiṣān to ↗ḥiṣn ‘fortress’: »the ḥiṣān is so called because he preserves his rider [TA] or because his back is like the ḥiṣn to its rider [Mgh, Mṣb]«. – Most probably, however, ḥiṣān is not from ḥiṣn, but both are from the same basic notion of ʻstrength’ (↗ḥaṣuna), so that the word for ‘horse’ originally meant *ʻthe strong one’. – In any case, ḥiṣān seems to be a secondary development, peculiar to Ar (and modSAr?), while the more widespread (though still not deeply rooted) word for ‘horse’ in Sem is (WSem) *paraš‑, see Ar ↗faras; for a word of possibly foreign (IE) origin, cf. (EgAr) ↗sīsī.
▪ …
hist
▪ …
cogn
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤṢN-2 Ar ḥiṣān ‘étalon, cheval de race’, Ḥrs ḥəṣān, Jib hásún ‘cheval’.
▪ …
disc
▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ …
west
–
deriv
►ḥiṣān al-baḥr, n., hippopotamus
►ḥiṣān buḫārī, n., iron horse
►quwwaẗ ḥiṣān, n.f., horse power

For other values of the root, cf. ↗ḥaṣuna, ↗ḥiṣn, ʔabū ’l- ↗ḥuṣayn, and ↗ʔiḥṣān, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry √ḤṢN.
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