Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 to turn around and attack (ʕalà s.o., s.th.); 2 to return, come back, recur; 3 to withdraw, retreat, fall back; 4 to attack (ʕalà), bear down (ʕalà upon) – WehrCowan1976

conc

▪ If DRS (#KRR-1) is right, the value has cognates only in EthSem where the Ar meaning ‘revenir sur ses pas, revenir à la charge’ (cf. also Tham kr ‘ramener, revenir’) is paralleled by the notions of ‘rouler (vers le bas)’ (Te kärara), ‘être rond’ (Tña kärärä), and ‘échafauder, mettre l’un sur l’autre’ (Amh kʷärrärä). DRS thinks that ²karra etc. « est une forme qui appartient aux usages oraux » and that it prob. is a var. of items usually grouped under ↗KRW or ↗KWR. This might be true especially for Ar kurraẗ ‘ball’ (Te korit ‘balle’, Amh kʷärät ‘caillou’) which usually appears as ↗kuraẗ ‘id.’ and is grouped s.r. ↗KRW.
▪ The value of *‘ returning, repetition, reiteration, circularity’ etc. is the chief value attached to ↗√KRː (KRR). This basic notion may also be underlying the two other basic semantic complexes attached to the root, namely (a) *‘rattling in the throat’ (↗^†¹karra), and (b) *‘cord’, or ‘rope’ (^†²karr) and/or ‘knitting’ (^†⁴karr ‘carpet, mat’), the common denominator being repetitivity (in the sound of rattling, murmuring, rumbling, etc., as well as in the way ropes are twisted or carpets knitted).
▪ Clearly based on ²karra ‘to come back, return’ is the D-stem ↗karrara. Its value ‘to clarify, purify, refine’ has developed from the basic caus. meaning ‘to make come back, repeat, reiterate’, describing particularly processes of clarifying through repeated filtering etc. (oil, water, sugar, etc.).
▪ See also below, section DISC.
▪ …

hist

▪ ^†makarr 1 ‘return; making to attack’: vn. I; 2 ‘place of attack, battle-field’: n.loc.; ^†mikarr ‘violent in attacking, eager to attack’ – WKAS I 1970.
▪ …

cogn

▪ DRS #KRR-1 Ar karra ‘revenir sur ses pas, revenir à la charge’, karrara ‘répéter, réitérer’, Tham kr ‘ramener, revenir’, MġrAr karrar ‘répéter une leçon, repasser le Coran dans une recitation ininterrompue’, Sab kr ‘répéter (une action)’¹ ; Te kärara ‘rouler (vers le bas)’, Tña kärärä ‘être rond’, Amh kʷärrärä ‘échafauder, mettre l’un sur l’autre’. - Ar kurraẗ, Te korit ‘balle’, Amh kʷärät ‘caillou’.² -2-8 […]. -9 Ar karra ‘faire entendre un râle’, Te kərir bela ‘dire des inepties’, Tña kärärä ‘se mettre à chanter’, kärari ‘soliste’, Amh (an)kʷarrärä ‘parler d‘une voix forte’, Har kärära ‘bavarder sans arrêt’, Gur ənkʷarrärä ‘ronfler’. -10 Ar karr ‘corde (par exemple pour monter sur les palmiers)’, ? Amh kärrärä ‘se raidir, se racornir ; être tendu, serré (par exemple : lacet)’. - ? Amh Arg kərar : lyre à 5 ou 6 cordes. -11 Akk karr‑ : vêtement de deuil. ‑12-13 […].
▪ …

1. Not in SabaWeb! 2. La racine est considérée comme commune au Sem et Cush par Leslau qui cite : Sa Bil karkar ‘être rond’, Or kururre ‘balle de bois’, emprunté par le Gur sous la forme kurure. – Voir aussi M. Cohen, Essai, 114.

disc

▪ See above, section CONC.
▪ Related to ‘returning, coming back, repetition’ may also be EgAr ↗kurrāriyyaẗ ~ kurā̆riyyaẗ ‘spool, bobbin, reel’ and perh. even ^†¹kurr ‘cistern, subterranean reservoir | terrain un peu encaissé, creux dans le sable où l’eau demeure stagnante; puits; vivier’, cf. ↗^†KRː (KRR)_9.
▪ The obsol. ^†kirār (Hava1899) ~ karār (BK1860) ‘cowrie used as an amulet’ is given by Ullmann (WKAS I 1970) as karāri and analysed as a »concretized imperative ‘Bringback, one who brings back’, designation of a pearl, shell used as a love-charm in the spell yā karāri kurrī hi ʔin ʔadbara fa-ruddī hi«,¹ which suggests a derivation from ²karra ‘to (make) return, come back, etc.’.
▪ …

1. BK1860: yā karāri kurrī-hi wa-yā hamraẗu ’hmirī-hi ʔin ʔaqbala fa-surrī-hi wa-ʔin ʔadbara fa-ḍurrī-hi ‘Ô boule! ramène-le; ô boule! amène-le; s’il vient, réjouis-le, et s’il se détourne, fais-lui du mal’.

west

–

deriv

►^BP#2635karrara, vb. II, 1a to repeat, reiterate, do again, do repeatedly; b to pose over and over again (a question, ʕalà to s.o.), ask (ʕalà s.o.) repeatedly (a question); 2a to rectify, purify; b to clarify, filter; c to refine (sugar, etc.): D-stem, caus. (and fig. use); see also s.v.
►^BP#2489takarrara, vb. V, 1 to be repeated, be reiterated, recur; 2 to be rectified, be purified, be refined: tD-stem, quasi-pass. of vb. II
►¹karr, n., attack, charge: vn. I | al-karr wa’l-farr, attack and retreat (in battle); bayna karr wa-farr, adv., alternately, intermittently, by fits and starts, by jerks; ʕalà karr al-duhūr\al-zaman, adv., in the course of time
►karraẗ, n.f., 1 attack; 2 return, comeback, recurrence; – 3 (pl. ‑āt) one time ( = ↗marraẗ); 4 a hundred thousand: n.vic. | karraẗᵃⁿ, adv., 1 once; 2 sometimes, at times; 3 at a time; karraẗᵃⁿ ʔuḫrà, adv., a second time, once more; karraẗᵃⁿ baʕdᵃ karraẗ, adv., repeatedly, time and again
►karār, n., see ↗s.v.
►kurūr, n., 1 return, comeback, recurrence; 2 succession, sequence, order: vn. I
►EgAr ku(r)rāriyyaẗ, n.f., pl. ‑āt, spool, bobbin, reel: nominalized nsb-adj., lit. *‘returner, belonging to the act of unwinding, unraveling’?; see also s.v.
►makarr, pl. ‑āt, n., reel: n.instr., see also ↗ku(r)rāriyyaẗ
►takrīr, n., 1 repetition, reiteration; 2a clarification, rectification, purification, refinement; b refining: vn. II | maʕmal takrīr al-sukkar, sugar refinery
►^BP#2628takrār, n., repetition, reiteration: vn. I/II | takrārᵃⁿ, adv., repeatedly, frequently, quite often; mirārᵃⁿ wa-takrārᵃⁿ, adv., repeatedly, time and again
►mukarrar, adj., 1a repeated, reiterated; b following twice (number), bis (after a number); c a multiple; 2 rectified, purified, refined: PP II | sukkar mukarrar, refined sugar; ṣ. 37 mukarrar, page 37b
►^BP#2829mutakarrir, adj., 1 recurring, recurrent, reiterated, reiterative; 2 repeated, frequent: PA V.

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹karra, ↗karrara, ↗karraẗ, ↗karār, and ↗kur(r)āriyyaẗ, as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗KRː (KRR). – Cf. also ↗KRKR, ↗KRW, ↗KRW/Y, and ↗KRY.

Permanent link

http://www2.hf.uio.no/common/apps/permlink/permlink.php?app=polyglotta&context=record&uid=da2bb28a-06ff-11ee-937a-005056a97067

Choose languages

Choose images, etc.

Choose languages

Choose display