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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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¹ǧadd جَدّ , pl. ǧudūd, ʔaǧdād
meta
ID - • Sw – • BP 1226 • APD … • © SG | 30Oct2022, last updated 12Nov2022
√ǦDː (ǦDD)
gram
n.
engl
1 grandfather; 2 ancestor, forefather – WehrCowan1976
conc
▪ Etymology obscure, but prob. either related to ↗ǧidd ‘greatness, seriousness, majesty’ or ↗²ǧadd ‘good luck, good fortune’ (via ↗ †ǦDː (ǦDD)_12 ‘fat(ness), obesity’?). See below, section DISC.
▪ Cf. perh. also ↗Ǧuddaẗ ‘Jidda’, poss. named after “grandmother” Eve (whose tomb was said to be situated close to the city wall).
▪ …
hist
▪ …
cogn
▪ no immediate cognates, but cf. perh. ↗ǧidd or ↗²ǧadd (see sections CONC and DISC).
▪ …
disc
▪ DRS quotes Blachère (in DAFA) who maintains that Ar ¹ǧadd ‘grandfather’ reflects a more general notion of ‘ancestor’ underlying ↗ǧidd ‘greatness, seriousness, majesty’. If this is a valid etymology, ¹ǧadd may, ultimately, perh. be traced back to ↗ †ǦDː (ǦDD)_7 †ǧadda ‘to cut, cut out, cut off’ (protSem *GDD ‘to cut, make an incision’). In this case, one would have to assume a semantic development along the line *‘to cut, cut out > to divide, make/mark a difference > to stand out, greatness, majesty > grandfather’. ¹ǧadd ‘grandfather’ would then also be cognate to ↗ǧadda ‘to be new, recent’ which likewise seems to be an essential *‘standing out, making a difference’.
▪ In contrast, Nöldeke1904: 94 saw ‘grandfather’ connected to ²ǧadd ‘good luck, fortune’. Should this be correct, ¹ǧadd would be related to Can names of divinities (and tribes), such as Hbr Gad, a god of fortune as well as a personal name and name of a tribe (protWSem *gadd- ‘fortune, chance’, *GD ‘to be good, lucky, excellent’; cf. also ↗ǦWD ‘to be good, approvable, excellent’). In this case, ‘grandfather’ would be, originally, *‘the “Gad” (= honorable, venerable person, “deity”) in our family’. – Alternatively, one could think of a development along the line *‘good fortune, luck > fat(ness), obesity [↗ †ǦDː (ǦDD)_12] > mighty man > grandfather’.
▪ Cf., however, Kogan2015: 33, who thinks that »[t]here is hardly any immediate connection betw. *‘to cut, cut off’, *‘to be great; serious’, or *‘fortune, success, luck’« (though he would not exclude an ultimate derivation of ‘new, recent’ from †ǧadda ‘to cut, cut out, cut off’; so also DRS and ClassAr lexicographers).
▪ …
west
–
deriv
►al-ǧadd al-ʔaʕlà, n., ancestor

 ►BP#1226ǧaddaẗ, pl. -āt, n.f., grandmother

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗²ǧadd, ↗ǧidd, ↗ǧadda, ↗Ǧuddaẗᵘ, and ↗ǧāddaẗ as well as, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ǦDː(ǦDD).
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