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Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
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ḥirām حِرام , pl. ‑āt, var. ʔaḥrimaẗ
meta
ID – • Sw – • BP … • APD … • © SG | 15Feb2021
√ḤRM
gram
n.
engl
a woolen blanket (worn as a garment around head and body) – WehrCowan1976.
conc
▪ Together with what is likely to be an Akk cognate, Ar ḥirām ‘woolen blanket (garment around head and body)’ seems to be based on the notion of ‘covering’ and thereby ʻprotecting’. The authors of DRS think (s.v. #ḤRM-1) that this ʻcovering-protecting’ could be related to the larger semantic complex ʻforbidding, denying, preventing’ (DRS #ḤRM-2, see ↗ḥaram), prob. because covering the head and\or body is a form of protecting one’s sanctity\inviolability\dignity by denying, preventing, forbidding others to see and\or touch the head\body, or because wrapping one’s head with a piece of cloth resembles the wrapping of a writing tablet in a protecting clay case (cf. Akk arāmu~ḫarāmu~erēmu).
▪ Akin, and etymologically perh. even identical, is prob. ↗maḥramah ‘handkerchief’, as also this latter may originally have been a head/body cover or scarf.
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hist
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cogn
▪ DRS 9 (2010) #ḤRM-1 Akk ḫarāmu ‘couvrir’ [CAD: arāmu~ḫarāmu~erēmu ʻto stretch or place (a membrane, skin or a layer of metal) over and object, place a tablet in a clay case’], Ar ḥirām ‘couverture’. -?2 Akk ḫarāmu ‘séparer’; – Moab *hḥrm, Hbr hęḥęrīm ‘consacrer, vouer’; Hbr ‘vouer à la destruction totale’, JP ḥarem ‘excommunier, interdire, déclarer qc mise à part pour l’usage du Temple, vouer à la destruction’, Nab ḥrm ‘chose sacrée, inviolable’, hḥrm ‘vouer’, Mnd ḥrm ‘interdire, maudire’; Ar ḥarama ‘repousser, tenir à distance, prohiber, déclarer illicite’, ḥarima ‘être illicite, être sacré et interdit à l’usage profane’, ḥaram ‘chose illicite, sacrée; enceinte sacrée; femme’; ḥurumāt ‘ordres et interdits inviolables (de Dieu)’, DaṯAr miḥrām ‘sanctuaire’; SAr ḥrm (vb.): Sab ‘être interdit, proscrit; être en état de sacralisation (pèlerin)’, Qat ‘être prohibé, puni; décréter, commander’, Soq ḥrm ‘maudire’, Ḥrs ḥerm ‘être privé (de droits conjugaux)’, Mhr ḥōrəm, Ḥrs ḥārəm ‘se repentir, jurer de ne pas’, Jib oḥúrm ‘jurer de ne pas’, Mhr ḥrūm ‘provoquer un désastre en enfreignant un interdit’, Jib aḥrím ‘interdire’; – ḥrm (n.): Sab ḥrm, Sab Qat Min mḥrm ‘enclos, sanctuaire’, Mhr Ḥrs ḥərōm, Jib ḥárúm ‘interdit, tabou’, Ḥrs ḥərām ‘mariage, légitimité’, Mhr ḥərmēt ‘femme, épouse; femme sans défense, veuve’, Jib ḥarmɛ́t ‘veuve’; Gz ḥarama, Te ḥarräma, Amh harrämä,arrämä ‘interdire’, Te məḥram ‘sanctuaire’, Tña ḥarämä ‘être interdit’. – ? YemAr ḥaram(ä) ‘mort naturelle’. -3 ḤḍrAr maḥrameh ‘foulard de tête’, EAr maḥrameh, MġrAr maḥramah, mḥarmah ‘mouchoir, foulard’, Soq mḥármeh ‘turban’. -4 […].
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disc
▪ See above, section CONC.
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west
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deriv
See also ↗ḥaram, ↗ḥarām, ↗ḥarīm, ↗ḥarāmī, ↗maḥramaẗ, and, for the overall picture, root entry ↗√ḤRM.
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