Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1 lightning; flash of lightning. – 2 telegraph | barqun ḫullabun, n., 1 lightning without a downpour; 2 a disappointing, disillusioning matter; an unkept promise – WehrCowan1979.

conc

▪ From protSem *bar(a)ḳ‑ ‘lightning’ (Kogan2011), from AfrAs *baraḳ‑ ‘id.’ (Orel&Stolbova1994).

hist

▪ eC7 (lightning) Q 13:12 huwa ’llaḏī yurī-kum-u ’l-barqa ḫawfan wa-ṭamaʕan ‘He it is who shows you lightning, (inspiring) fear and hope’

cogn

▪ Bergsträsser1928, Zammit2002: Akk berqu, Ug brq, Hbr bārāq, Aram barqā, Syr barqā, Ar barq ‘lightning, thunderbolt’, SAr brq ‘lightning storm > stormy season’, Gz mabraq ‘lightning, thunderbolt, bright light’
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#226: Akk berq-, birq-, Ug brq, Hbr brq, Syr barqō, SAr brq, Te bārq , Tña bärqi, Ar barq- ‘lightning’.
▪ Kogan2011: Akk birqu, Ug brq, Hbr bārāq, Syr barqā, Ar barq, Sab Min brq, Gz mabraq, Mhr bōrəq, Jib bɛrq ‘lightening’

Cf. also the corresponding vb.:
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#231: Akk barāqu, Aram berēq, beraq, Gz brq, Amh bärräqä ‘to shine, glitter, flash’. – Outside Sem: Eg bꜣḳ (Borg2021: bꜣq/bqꜣ) ‘to be light, be bright’ (pyr.) (with -ꜣ- reflecting earlier -r-).
▪ Ehret1995#23: Outside Sem: Eg brḳ ‘to shine, glitter, flash’ (Copt ɛbrēčɛ), Cush *bǎrk'- / bǐrk'- ‘to flash’, vb. p'arìq- in an Omot lang.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007 (in StarLing)#1733: Sem cognates: as in earlier studies. – Outside Sem: (CChad) Logone bárak (< Ar), (CCush / Agaw) Khamir birqa, (HEC) Sid banḳo, biraḳo, and the forms balaḳa and banḳu-ta in 2 other HEC langs, as well as Dahalo biriḳina ‘lightning’ and (in 1 Omot lang) ṗariqq(i)- ‘shine’.
▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BRQ-1 Akk berq-, birq-, Ug brq, Hbr bārāq, Aram barqā, EpigrAram brq(ʔ), Aysor birqa, Ar barq, SAr brq, Śḫr brq, Mhr barq, Te bärq, Tña bärqi ‘éclair, foudre’; Gz mabraq ‘éclair’; Akk barāqu, Hbr *bāraq, JP ʔabrēq, Ar baraqa, Soq brq, Gz baraqa, Tña bärräqʷä ‘lancer des éclairs’; Amh bärräqä ‘tonner’; Akk barāqu, nHbr bāraq, Aram bᵉraq, bᵉrēq, nSyr bāriq, Ar baraqa, Amh bärräqä ‘briller, scintiller’. – Ar baraqa, barraqa ‘s’orner, se parer’; ETH. bēräqa ‘décorer’; ? nSyr birqu ‘vaine (femme)’. – Amh bäräqqʷa ‘commencer à blanchir, à mûrir (céréales)’. – Ar tabarraqa ‘regarder fixement (avec colère)’; Soq beroq (be) ‘envier’; Har bēräqa ‘décorer’; Amh bärräqä ‘fondre sur’. -?2 nHbr barqīt, Aram barqīt, bᵉraqtītā, bᵉruqtītā, Mand buruqta ‘cataracte (de l’œil)’. -3 Akk barraqtu (CAD: a gem, nBab), Hbr bāréqet, JP *bariqtā, Syr barqā ‘émeraude’.

disc

▪ Kogan2011: from Sem *bar(a)ḳ- ‘lightning’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 reconstruct (#226) Sem *baraḳ- ‘lightning’, CCh *baraḳ-, HEC *baraḳ- , all from AfrAs *baraḳ- ‘lightning’, as well as (#231) Sem *b˅riḳ- ‘to shine (of lightning)’, Eg b3ḳ ‘to be light, be bright’ (pyr.), both ultimately from AfrAs *bariḳ- ‘to shine, be bright’.
▪ Ehret1995#23: Sem *brḳ ‘to lighten; lightning’, Eg brḳ ‘to shine, glitter, flash’ (Copt ɛbrēčɛ), Cush *bǎrk'- / bǐrk'- ‘to flash’ and the vb. p'arìq- in an Omot lang, all from an AfrAs *-bǐrk'- /*-bǎrk'- ‘to flash’ which the author thinks is in itself composed of *-bir- ‘to burn brightly’ + *k as an intensive extension of effect.
▪ Militarev&Stolbova2007 (in StarLing)#1733: Sem *bariḳ-, CChad *barak- (< Ar?), CCush (Agaw) *bir˅ḳ- (< Sem?), ? HEC *ban/laḳ- (irregular changes of *-r- in the cluster *-rḳ- ?), Dahalo (Sanye) *biriḳ- ‘lightning’ (< Sem?), Omot *ṗariḳḳ- ‘shine’ (secondary ṗ- < *b- influenced by *ḳ ?), all from AfrAs *bariḳ- ‘lightning’.

▪ DRS 2 (1994)#BRQ-3 mentions that accord. to Zimmern1914, the Akk word barraqtu for a gem, perh. an emerald, probably is a late borrowing from some other lang, but that it is not clear whether this was a Sem lang (in which case the Akk word and its successors in Hbr, JP and Syr would be akin to Ar barq, i.e., ‘brilliant’, flashing like a lightning) or whether the word is from an IE source akin to Skr marakatam, Grk smáragdos ‘emerald’. A supporter of a Sem origin is Huehnergard2011; he groups the gem under Sem *BRQ ‘to flash (especially of lightning)’. – In Ar, the word for ‘emerald’ is ↗zumurrud, which, however, may be ultimately from the same source, cf. s.v.

west

▪ According to some etymologists, Eur words for ‘emerald’ should perhaps be traced back to a Sem word belonging to the root *BRQ ‘to flash (especially of lightning)’. Cf. entry emerald in EtymOnline: »‘bright green precious stone,’ c1300, emeraude, from oFr esmeraude (C12), from mLat esmaraldus, from Lat smaragdus, from Grk smáragdos ‘green gem’ (emerald or malachite), from Sem baraq ‘shine’ (compare Hbr bāreqet ‘emerald’, Ar barq ‘lightning’). Skr maragdam ‘emerald’ is from the same source, as is Pers zumurrud, whence [Ar zumurrud and] Tu zümrüd, source of Ru izumrud ‘emerald’.«

deriv

► baraqa, u (barq, burūq, barīq, baraqān), vb. I, to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash: denom. (unless itself the etymon) | baraqat-i ’l-samāʔ, expr., there was lightning.
► ʔabraqa, vb. IV, 1 = I. – 2 to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to flash up, light up: denom. – 3 to brighten (face): fig. – 4 to cable, wire, telegraph (ʔilà to): neolog., denom. from barqiyyaẗ.

► barqī, adj., telegraphic, telegraph- (in compounds): neolog., nsb-adj., *‘as fast as a lightning’.
► ^BP#4430barqiyyaẗ, pl. ‑āt, n.f., telegram, wire, cable: neologism, nsb-adj.f. coined from barq, i.e. *‘message that reaches the addressee with the swiftness of a lightning’.
► ^BP#4653barīq, pl. barāʔiqᵘ, n., glitter, shine, gloss, luster: quasi-vn. | ḏū barīq maʕdanī, adj., lustered, coated with metallic luster.
► burāq, n.pr., Alborak, name of the creature on which Mohammed made his ascension to the seven heavens (↗miʕrāǧ): probably so called on account of its swiftness; see also ↗s.v..
► barrāq, adj., shining, lustrous, sparkling, flashing, glittering, twinkling: ints.adj.
► mabraq, n., glitter, flash: vn. | fī mabraq al-ṣubḥ, adv., with the first rays of the morning sun.
► bāriq: bāriq al-ʔamal, n., glimpse of hope: PA I.
► bāriqaẗ, pl. bawāriqᵘ, n.f., gleam, twinkle: f. of the preceding.
► mubriq: mubriq kātib, n., teletype; ʔālaẗ mubriqaẗ, n.f., id.: PA IV, denom. from neolog. barqiyyaẗ.

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