Bibliotheca Polyglotta

1a to find (s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable, insignificant, trifling; b to esteem lightly, undervalue, despise; c to make light (of), set little store (by), care little (for); — 2a to pick up, raise, lift (s.o., s.th.); b to carry, transport, convey (s.o., s.th.); 3 to board (s.th., e.g., a ship, a carriage, or the like); 4 to rise; 5 to be independent; 6 to possess alone (bi‑ s.th.) – WehrCowan1976.

conc

▪ [v1] : *Št-stem of ↗¹qalla ʻ(to be\become) little, small, rare, to decrease, diminish, (be\come) insignificant, or inferior’, based on Sem *QLL ‘light, little, fast’.
▪ [v2] : *Št-stem of ↗²qalla ‘to raise, lift, carry’ (of obscure etymology, perh. akin to, or even a phonetic development from, √QNː(QNN) ‘to be high’, cf. also ↗¹qullaẗ ‘peak, summit’, in itself perh. akin to ↗¹qimmaẗ). The meanings of G-stem and *Št-stem are almost identical in this case, with the *Št-stem prob. accentuating the causative (*Š-) and the self-referential (-t-) constituents (< *‘make rise for o.s.’).
▪ [v3]-[v6] : *Št-stem, perh. denom. from ↗¹qullaẗ ‘highest point, top’, thus expressing a basic *‘wish to reach the top\peak of s.th., desire\effort to make o.s. look as if standing on the top, being exceptional, to separate o.s. and stand out, look singular’. – If the obsolete ^†qull ʻsingular, lonely, alone’, mentioned by Wahrmund II 1887 (but not elsewhere) is reliable, it may belong here, but also to the complex of ↗ĭstaqalla in the sense of ʻto possess alone’.
▪ ^†[v7] : Historically, also the value ‘to take hold of, seize, come over s.o.’ is attested, e.g., ‘to take hold of s.o. (fear); to be(come) angry’ (ġaḍiba)’ – e.g., Bustānī1869. This value can perh. be interpreted as deriving from ↗¹qullaẗ ‘highest point, summit, top’ (fig. use, *ʻto seek to overwhelm, sit on top of, overcome s.o.’) or from ↗¹qill ‘tremor’ (unless the latter is a back-formation).
▪ ^†[v8] : Another historically attested value is ‘se rétablir et se lever (se dit d’un malade)’ (Kazimirski1860), from ↗qallaẗ ‘recovery, recuperation; restoration of prosperity’ (which is of uncertain origin). [v8] could also be a specialization of [v4] ‘to rise’.
▪ …

hist

▪ [v1]: ‘to regard as few/little/insignificant)’ – Bustānī1869.
▪ [v2]: ‘to lift, carry | hisser sur ses épaules ou sur sa tête et porter (p.ex., une cruche); to raise, grow (plants) (ʔanāqa)’ – Kazimirski1860, Bustānī1869, Hava1899. – Earliest attestations: 538 ĭstaqalla bi-’l-šayʔ ʻto take upon o.s., bear, tolerate’ – a pre-Isl. poet, in ʔAmālī al-Qālī (https://dohadictionary.org/dictionary/استقل); 694 mustaqill ʻtaking up and carrying away’ – al-ʔAḫṭal (https://dohadictionary.org/dictionary/مستقل).
▪ [v3]: ‘to fly high (bird); (people) to start, begin a travel, go away (ʕan from, e.g., the tents) | partir, s’en aller’ – Kazimirski1860, Bustānī1869.
▪ [v4]: ‘to fly high, rise in its flight (bird)’ – Bustānī1869, Hava1899; cf. also ‘être haut, sublime, bien haut au-dessus de nos têtes (en parlant de la voûte des cieux, etc.); grandir (se dit des plantes); s’élever très-haut (fī dans les airs, se dit d’un oiseau); (fig.) s’enorgueillir, s’élever au-dessus de ses semblables (se dit d’un homme fier)’ – Kazimirski1860.
▪ [v5]: ĭstaqalla ‘s’emparer exclusivement de qc (p.ex. du pouvoir), et de là, être souverain indépendant’ – Kazimirski1860. – ĭstaqalla bi-raʔyi-h ‘= ĭstabadda bi-h; (a wālī) to rule alone (tafarrada bi’l-wilāya), do not share power with anybody, not allow to participate (lam yušrik-hu fī-hā ġayru-h)’ – Bustānī1869. – mustaqill bi-ʔamri-h ʻindépendant (souverain)’ – Kazimirski1860. – OttTu ĭstiḳlāl ‘pouvoir absolu, indépendance, souveraineté; plein pouvoir; persévérance, intrépidité, vigueur | Machtvollkommenheit, unumschränkte Macht; Selbständigkeit, Unabhängigkeit; Unerschrockenheit, Entschlossenheit, Ausdauer, Beharrlichkeit, Kraft’; ~ bulmak ‘ parvenir à la souveraineté | zur Oberherrschaft, Alleinherrschaft gelangen’, ĭstiḳlālī ‘commissaire spécial, revêtu de pleins pouvoirs | Bevollmächtigter’, ĭstiḳlāliyya ‘indépendance | Unabhängigkeit’ – Zenker1866.
▪ [v6]: ^†ĭstaqalla ‘s’emparer exclusivement de qc (p.ex. du pouvoir), ^†ĭstaqalla bi-raʔyi-h ʻhe is alone in his opinion’ – Hava1899. – OttTu ĭstiḳlāl ‘action de s’emparer exclusivement de qc | das ausschliesslich haben, ungetheilt mit anderen’ – Zenker1866.
▪ ^†[v7]: ĭstaqallat-hu ’l-raʕdaẗ ‘to take hold of s.o. (fear) | saisir qn (se dit d’un tremblement); (intr.) être saisi d’un tremblement; se mettre en colère | to be angry’ (ġaḍiba)’ – Kazimirski1860, Bustānī1869. – First attested in 678 ĭstaqallat-hu ’l-raʕdaẗ ʻanger took hold of him, seized him’ – ʕĀʔišaẗ bt. ʔAbī Bakr, in Musnad ʔA. b. Ḥanbal – https://dohadictionary.org/dictionary/استقل ).
▪ ^†[v8]: ĭstaqalla ‘se rétablir et se lever (se dit d’un malade)’ – Kazimirski1860.
▪ …

cogn

▪ [v1]: ↗¹qalla.
▪ [v2]: ↗²qalla.
▪ [v3]-[v6]: ↗¹qullaẗ.
▪ ^†[v7]: ↗²qalla or ↗¹qill.
▪ ^†[v8]: ↗qallaẗ.
▪ …

disc

▪ [v1] Bergsträsser1928: Sem *qll ‘light, little, fast’.
▪ [v2] LandbergZetterstein1942: ClassAr qalla ʻporter, soulever, supporter’, DaṯAr ʕUmAr ʻdresser, aufrecht stellen’ < √QNN ʻêtre haut’, avec n > l; DaṯAr ĭqtall ʻmonter en haut, se dresser’ = ClassAr ĭqtanna; DaṯAr qullaẗ ʻsommet’ = ClassAr qunnaẗ, cf. also qimmaẗ.
▪ …

west

–

deriv

►ĭstaqalla bi-ḥaml, to assume a burden
►ĭstaqalla bi-ṣanʕi-h, he alone made it, he was the only one who made it
►ĭstaqalla bi-nafsi-h, to be entirely self-reliant, be left to one’s own devices; to be independent, manage without others, get along by oneself
►ĭstaqalla bi-muhimmaẗ\wāǧib, to assume a task (or duty).

►^BP#1898ĭstiqlāl, n., independence: vn. X, from [v5]; see also s.v.
►ĭstiqlālī, 1a adj., of or pertaining to independence, independence (used attributively); b n., proponent of independence: nisba formation, from ĭstiqlāl [v5].
►^BP#1479mustaqill, adj., independent; autonomous; separate, distinct, particular: PA X, from [v5] and [v6].

For other values attached to the root, cf. ↗¹qalla, ↗²qalla, ↗qill, ↗qallaẗ, ↗¹qullaẗ, ↗²qullaẗ, ↗³qullaẗ, ↗¹qilliyyaẗ, and ↗²qilliyyaẗ, as well as, for the whole picture, root entry ↗√QLː (QLL).

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