Bibliotheca Polyglotta

▪ ḥalla u (ḥall), to untie (a knot), unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo; to solve (a problem, a puzzle); to decipher, decode; to dissolve in water (chem.); to resolve (into components), analyze; to melt; to decompose, disintegrate (s.th.); to disband, break up, dissolve (an organization or party, parliament); to open, unpack (a package, and the like); to loosen, relax; to release, set free, let go; to clear, exonerate, exculpate (s.o., min from), absolve (min from sins); ḥulla, vb. pass., to be free; to be relaxed. –
▪ ḥalla i (?), to pass into solution, dissolve; to fade (colour)

conc

▪ …

hist

▪ eC7 ḥalla u (to untie, release, free, undo, loosen) Q 20:27 wa-'ḥlul ʕuqdatan min lisānī ‘and loosen a knot from my tongue’

cogn

▪ Fronzaroli#4.05: a Ar ḥalla, SAr ḥll ‘to untie’, b Akk ellu ‘pure’, Hbr ḥalīlā ‘lungi!’, ḥōl, Syr ḥullā ‘profane’, Ar ḥalīl ‘(legitimate) husband’, ḥalāl ‘legitimate’.
▪ DRS 9 (2010)#ḤLL-1. Akk ell ‘pur’,¹ elēlu ‘être pur, libre’,² mullil officiant du culte, ‘purificateur’, Ug ḥll ‘être désacralisé’, mḥll ‘officiant (?)’, Can ḥol, ḥālāl ‘profane, non sacré’, ḥillel ‘rendre profane, profaner; détacher, ouvrir, donner accès à; jeter bas, détruire’, Aram ḥallel ‘tenir pour permis, purifier’, Ar ḥalla ‘être permis, licite; être obligatoire’, ḥill, ḥalāl ‘chose permise, licite’; – ḥalla ‘dénouer, déplier, résoudre’, dial. ḥall ‘ouvrir’; Sab ḥll ‘être à la merci de, être sans protection contre’, Qat ḥll ‘annuler, mettre fin, perdre’, ḥtll ‘trouver du secours, être secouru’, mḥllt (pl.) ‘vannes d’écluse’; ? Sab mḥlt : paiement d’une taxe; Mhr ḥlūl ‘déclarer licite’, Jib aḥlél ‘rendre licite, pardonner’, Mhr ḥáttəl ‘être résolu; être purgé’, Jib ḥɔ́ttəl ‘disparaître’, Mhr ḥəláwl, Jib ḥálúl ‘purge’; – ? Mhr šəḥlūl, Jib s̃ḥɛlél ‘prendre le repas du soir en mois de ramadan’; Tña ḥalal ‘brave homme; profitable, avantageux; légitime (épouse, enfant)’, Amh halal ‘licite (pour les Musulmans)’.
▪ The value is also related to others treated in the ‘mother’ entry, cf. ↗ḤLː (ḤLL), among which also ↗ḥalla (ḥill) ‘to be allowed, be legally persmissible’, etc., as well as ↗ḥalla (ḥulūl) ‘to stop, rest, settle down; place’. Cf., in this spirit, also Zammit2002 who puts together Akk elēlu ‘to be(come) clean, pure; to be free’, Ug ḥl(l) ‘to free (from a ban)’, Hbr ḥālal (Hif.) ‘to begin’ (lit. ‘untie, loosen, open’), Aram ḥᵃlal ‘to wash, rinse; to degrade, profane’, Syr ḥalel ‘to purify’, Ar ḥalla ‘to untie (a knot); to be lawful; alight, settle in a place’, SAr ḥll ‘to encamp; to be unprotected (against)’, Gz ḥalala ‘to be gathered, come in’.
▪ As cognate in a wider sense can also count Ar ↗ʔaylūl, now mostly synonymous with ‘September’, since the name of this month is from Akk ulūlu, elūlu, elūnu, the name of a festival and of a month corresponding to parts of August and September, akin to Akk elēlu (< *ḥalālum) ‘to be(come) clean, pure, holy’, which belongs to Sem *ḤLL – Huehnergard2011.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994#1284: Outside Sem: (WCh) Bolewa ʔall‑ [?] ‘to loosen’; ʔúlee‑, olai, ʔúléi ‘to untie’ in three CCh idioms, and [not mentioned in StarLing any longer] the form wule ‘to loosen’ in an ECh language.

1. Cf., e.g., ellu ‘1 clean, pure; 2 holy, sacred; 3 free, noble’; ellu, f. elletu ‘(cultically) clean person’; ellūtu ‘purity’, etc. – CAD. 2. elēlu ‘1 to become pure, to become free (of debt by royal decree)’; 2 ullulu ‘to purify, to make pure, to keep pure, to consecrate to a deity, to make free’; 3 utallulu ‘to cleanse o.s., to be purified’. Attested from oAkk on – CAD.

disc

▪ Palache (as sketched in DRS) thinks that *‘to loose, untie, open, set free’ is the primary value of Sem *ḤLL. Huehnergard2011, however, seems to rely more on the Akk evidence, assuming *‘to be(come) clean, pure, holy’ to be the basis from which other ḤLː (ḤLL) values derive.
▪ However that may be, it is from the value of ‘to untie, release’ that ↗ḥalla (ḥulūl) ‘to unsaddle, put down the bagage, unload’, and hence ‘to stop, rest, settle down’ can easily be derived. In a similar way, also ↗ʔiḥlīl ‘windpipe’, ‘canal of the udder or of the urethrea’, ‘hooka pipe’ etc. can be explained as the channels through which air, milk, urine, etc. is ‘released’.
▪ Orel&Stolbova1994 #1284 reconstructs Sem *ḥul‑ ‘to untie’, WCh *ḥal‑ (<*ḥula‑) [StarLing: *Hal ], CCh *ʔul‑ [StarLing: *ʔo/ul ] ‘to untie’, ECh *wul‑ (< *ʔul‑) [not mentioned in StarLing], all from AfrAs *ḥul‑ [StarLing: dto.] ‘to untie’. StarLing adds: »Scarce data. Unreliable.«

west

▪ Tu eylül (1876, Aḥmed Vefīḳ, Luġat-ı ʕOs̠mānī ]: from ↗Ar ʔaylūl, from SyrAr ʔaylūl, from Aram ʔelūlā, lHbr ʔälûl, from Akk elūlu, name of a month (Nişanyan2011: ‘harvest season’) – Zimmern1914. Akk elūlu is probably connected to the vb. Akk elēlu (< *ḥalālum) ‘to be(come) clean, pure, holy’ which belongs to the Sem root *ḤLL – Huehnergard2011.
▪ Cf. also Engl Elul, from Hbr ʔělûl, a month name, from Akk elūlu, elūnu, name of a festival and of a month corresponding to parts of August and September, perh. from elēlu (< *ḥalālum) ‘to be(come) clean, pure, holy’ – Huehnergard2011.

deriv

► ḥallala, vb. II, to dissolve, resolve (into its component parts), break up, decompose, analyze; to make a chemical analysis (of s.th.): ints.; to be dissolvent, act as a solvent (on; med.); to discharge, absolve, clear, exonerate, exculpate (s.o.); (taḥillaẗ) to expiate an oath: caus. – For other values see ↗ḥalla (ḥill).
► ʔaḥalla, vb. IV, to discharge, release, absolve, disengage (s.o., min from): caus. – For other values see ↗ḥalla (ḥill) and ↗ḥalla (ḥulūl).
► taḥallala, vb. V, to dissolve, melt, disintegrate; to disengage o.s., disassociate o.s., extricate o.s., free o.s. (min from): intr. of II.
► ĭnḥalla, vb. VII, to be untied (knot); to be solved, be unraveled (problem); to be dissolved, be broken up, be disbanded (also, of an organization, a party, etc.); to dissolve, melt; to become slack, limp, weak, loose, relaxed; to disintegrate; to melt away: pass./intr.

► ^BP#269ḥall, pl. ḥulūl, n., untying, unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution (of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.); unriddling, unraveling, explanation; solution (chem.); dissolution, disbandment, breaking up (of an organization, etc.), abolition, cancellation, annulment; release, freeing, liberation; decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a blocked sum); discharge, clearing, exoneration, exculpation; absolution (Chr.): vn. I (and specific lexicalizations) | qābil lil ~, adj., soluble, solvable; al-~ al-ṭayfī, n., spectral analysis; ʔahl al-~ wa'l-ʕaqd or ʔahl al-~ wa'l-rabṭ, n.pl., influential people, those in power; fī ~i hī wa-tarḥāli-hī, in all his doings, in everything he did.
► ^BP#1610taḥlīl, n., dissolution, resolution, breaking up, decomposition, specification, detailing, analyzation; (pl. taḥālīlᵘ) analysis (chem.); absolution (Chr.): vn. II | bi'l-~, adv., in detail; maʕmal ~, n., laboratory for chemical analyses; ~ kahrabāʔī, n., electrolysis; ~ nafsī, n., psychoanalysis.
► taḥlīlī, adj., analytic(al): nsb-adj from vn. II, taḥlīl.
► taḥallul, n., dissolution, breakup; separation, disengagement, disassociation: vn. V.
► ĭnḥilāl, n., dissolution, breakup, decomposition; disintegration; decay, putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion, prostration, weakness, impotence: vn. VII.
► maḥlūl, adj., solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; loose; untied, unfastened, unfettered, free, at large; weakened, prostrate, exhausted, languid: PP I; (pl. maḥālīlᵘ), n., solution (liquid; chem.): nominalized PP I | ~ al-šaʕr, adj., with loose, disheveled hair.
► ^BP#3951muḥallil, analyzer, analyst: nominalized PA II | ~ nafsī, n., psychoanalyst.
► munḥall, solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid, prostrate, weak: PA VII. – For another value see ↗ḥalla (ḥill).

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